The ability to recall domain-specific unstructured material (e.g., random chess positions) is a litmus test for theories of expert memory. Theories emphasising high-level memory structures or holistic processing of stimuli predict no difference between experts and novices at recalling unstructured material, because no large structure or whole are present in such material. Conversely, theories a...

Abstract Hailstone growth results in a variety of hailstone shapes. These shapes hold implications for modeling hail processes, fall behaviors including speeds, and remote sensing signatures hail. This study is an in-depth analysis natural shapes, using large dataset hailstones collected the field over 6-yr period. data come from manual measurements with digital calipers three-dimensional infra...

Purpose Early motor abilities (gesture, oral motor, and gross/fine skills) are related to language abilities, this is not due an association with cognitive or symbolic abilities: Oral skills uniquely associated at 21 months of age. It important determine whether motor–language relationship continues beyond the earliest stage development understand acquisition better predict which children may h...

It has been suggested that the Bouba/Kiki effect, in which meaningless speech sounds are systematically mapped onto rounded or angular shapes, reflects a universal crossmodal correspondence between audition and vision. Here, radial frequency (RF) patterns were adapted in order to compare the Bouba/Kiki effect in Eastern and Western participants demonstrating different perceptual styles. Three a...

Users find comparing long meaningless strings of alphanumeric characters difficult, yet they have to carry out this task when comparing cryptographic hash values for https certificates and PGP keys, or in the context of electronic voting. Visual hashes where users compare images rather than strings have been proposed as an alternative. With the visual hashes available in literature, however, pe...