Abstract Background B cells play an important role in the immune system due to production of the immunoglobulin and secreting several cytokines. It has been shown that B cells produced successfully in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) and Flt3 ligand (Flt3L). IL2, IL7, and IL15 cytokines as -common family have an essential cytokines may support either synergistically or in an additive m...

Within economics, there has been a recent effort to better understand the notion of culture, typically defined as beliefs, values, and norms held by individuals. Empirical work has focused on identifying systematic cultural differences between individuals from different ethnic and national backgrounds. More recently, attention has turned to the historical origins of cultural differences (e.g., ...

An unstudied manuscript in Princeton contains lectures delivered by the youthful Jacques Sirmond at the Jesuit college of Pont-a-Mousson. In contrast to the received picture of Jesuit pedagogues as devoted rhetoricians, Sirmond explained Aeneid books 3 and 12 in a self-consciously historical way, concentrating especially on Roman law and religion and their interaction. His concerns are discusse...

Tesserae is a web-based tool for automatically detecting allusions in Latin poetry. Although still in the start-up phase, it already is capable of identifying significant numbers of known allusions, as well as similar numbers of allusions previously unnoticed by scholars. In this article, we use the tool to examine allusions to Vergil’s Aeneid in the first book of Lucan’s Civil War. Approximate...

Strikingly, Ogawa and Wildasin (2009) find that in a model with heterogenous jurisdictions, interjurisdictional capital flows, and interjurisdictional environmental damage spillovers, decentralized planning outcomes are equivalent to that under a single centralized planner. Taken to its extreme this result renders international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol irrelevant. We first show the...

History 311 Katherine Smith April 11, 2011 Between A Rock and A Hard Place: Marriage Implications for Women in the Reformation At first glance, the changing trends concerning marriage during the Reformation appear to embody a fundamental shift toward a partnership model of more equal religious status between men and women. Martin Luther, for example, argues in The Estate of Marriage that marria...

The Adelphi Paper Abolishing Nuclear Weapons will play an important part in the whole nuclear disarmament initiative that was kicked off in 2007 by a combination of the Hoover Institution and Nuclear Threat Initiative's " Reykjavik Revisited " project; the Kissinger–Nunn–Perry–Shultz op-ed articles in the Wall Street Journal; Margaret Beckett's keynote address at have woven a strong fabric of p...

The paper introduces a framework for studying the hierarchy of growth factors, from deep to more immediate. The speci…c setting we examine is 18th and 19th century Germany, when institutional changes introduced by reforms and transportation improvements converged to create city growth. We assess the impact of institutions on growth by allowing two ways for institutions to a¤ect growth. Institut...

Comparisons of stocking rates across sites can be facilitated by calculating grazing pressure. We used peak standing crop and stocking rates from six studies in the North American Great Plains (Cheyenne, Wyoming; Cottonwood, South Dakota; Hays, Kansas; Nunn, Colorado; Streeter, North Dakota; and Woodward, Oklahoma) to calculate a grazing pressure index and develop relationships for harvest effi...