Optical gating techniques and in particular optical coherence tomography (OCT) have recently been used as a noninvasive probe in the medical field[1 ,2] and as a nondestructive probe in material analysis[3-5]. Indeed, any medium which has some light penetration below the surface can potentially be analyzed with OCT. The depth at which a signal can be detected depends both on light absorption an...

Metrizamide, a nonionic water-soluble contrast medium, has been shown to penetrate normal brain when injected intrathecally. Recently it was suggested that the complications following intrathecal metrizamide are directly related to the cerebral concentration reached. Metrizamide, both in experimental animals and clinically, is regarded as less neurotoxic than equivalent iodine concentrations of...

the probable maximum precipitation (pmp) is the greatest depth of precipitation for a given duration that is physically possible over a given size storm area at a particular geographical location at a certain time of the year. in this study a physically based method was compared with a statistical procedure to calculate pmp in the southwest arid regions of iran. in order to estimate pmp using a...

The factors in the drag equation (that is, the coefficient of drag, the density of the medium, and the cross-sectional area and velocity of the projectile) also determine the depth that a projectile will penetrate its target and the velocity of the projectile at a given depth of penetration. Ideally (that is, if a stable, nondeforming projectile passes through a homogeneous, infinite solid), th...

investigation of projectiles penetration phenomenon has been carried out in non-cohesive soil (sand) targets under dry, saturated and compacted conditions. analytical studies have been performed on the linear and non-linear soil models to obtain penetration depth formulae for ogival nose projectile and the results are verified by experimental studies. in present work, three ogival nose projecti...

We use prior theory and experimental results to construct a quantitative relationship between soil moisture and the penetration depth of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) microwaves at L-, C-, and X-bands. This relationship is nonlinear and indicates that a change of 5% volumetric water content (VWC) can cause between 1 and 50 mm of change in C-band penetration depth depending on initial VWC. Beca...

A new dimensionless relationship for analysis of ballistic penetration data is derived and applied to polycrystalline ceramic materials. Targets consist of ceramic tiles backed by thick metallic plates within which residual penetration depths have been reported in experimental studies. Particular ceramics analyzed here are lowand high-purity alumina, aluminum nitride, boron carbide, silicon car...