Dlx transcription factors are implicated in patterning the mammalian jaw, based on their nested expression patterns in the first branchial arch (primordium for jaw) and mutant phenotypes; inactivation of Dlx1 and Dlx2 (Dlx1/2-/-) causes defects in the upper jaw, whereas Dlx5/6(-/-) results in homeotic transformation of the lower jaw into upper jaw. Therefore, the 'Dlx codes' appear to regionali...

OBJECTIVE To compare anchorage condition in cases in which transpalatal arch was used to enhance anchorage in both continuous and segmented arch techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty cases that required first premolar extraction for orthodontic treatment and transpalatal arch to enhance anchorage were included in this study. Ten cases were treated using the continuous arch technique, while...

BACKGROUND A retrospective study was conducted to determine the cephalometric changes in a group of Class III patients treated with the inter-arch spring-loaded module (CS2000®, Dynaflex, St. Ann, MO, USA). METHODS Thirty Caucasian patients (15 males, 15 females) with an average pre-treatment age of 9.6 years were treated consecutively with this appliance and compared with a control group of ...

Brodie bite is a comparatively rare type of malocclusion found in primary and mixed dentition. It not only adversely affects chewing and muscle functions, but also impairs normal growth and development of the mandible. This report describes the therapeutic results of a patient with bilateral Brodie bite in early mixed dentition after using a bonded constriction quad-helix appliance. The patient...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the amount and the distribution of biofilm in patients wearing fixed appliances and its relation with age, gender, frequency of tooth brushing, and patient motivation. METHODS The sample comprised 52 patients (15.5 ± 3.6 years old, 30 females and 22 males) wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Dental biofilm was assessed using a modified plaq...

Introduction: nowledge of standard dimensions which concerns the dental arch in human populating are very useful to clinicians in different fields of dentistry in orthodontics, prosthodontics and oral surgery and they are of great interest to anthropologists in studying the dental arch growth and development in relation to different environmental , genetic and physical factors for different pop...

Background: According to previous studies, persons wearing implant-retained prostheses may create bite forces comparable to those possessing natural dentition and it has been suggested that the risk for combination syndrome increases in persons wearing mandibular implant-retained prostheses opposed to maxillary complete dentures. Aim: This article presents the fabrication of a maxillary convent...