The wide application of GPS carrier-phase (CP) time transfer is limited by the problem of boundary discontinuity (BD). The discontinuity has two categories. One is “day boundary discontinuity,” which has been studied extensively and can be solved by a few methods [1–5]. The other category of discontinuity, called “anomaly boundary discontinuity (anomaly-BD),” comes from a GPS-measurements data ...

[1] High-pressure assemblages of subducted oceanic crust are denser than the normal upper mantle but less dense than the uppermost lower mantle. Thus subducted oceanic crust may accumulate at the base of the upper mantle. Direct observational evidence for this hypothesis, however, remains elusive. We present an analysis of a negativepolarity shear wave converted from compressional wave at a sei...

Discontinuity-preserving Bayesian image restoration, based on Markov random fields (MRF), involves an intensity fleld, representing the image to be restored, and an edge (discontinuity) fleld. The usual strategy is to perform joint maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of the intensity and discontinuity fields, this requiring the specification of Bayesian priors. Departing from this approach, w...

Seismic studies indicate that beneath some regions the 520-kilometer seismic discontinuity in Earth's mantle splits into two separate discontinuities (at approximately 500 kilometers and approximately 560 kilometers). The discontinuity near 500 kilometers is most likely caused by the (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 beta-to-gamma phase transformation. We show that the formation of CaSiO3 perovskite from garnet can...

The radiosity method is the most popular algorithm for simulating interre ection of light between di use surfaces. Most existing radiosity algorithms employ simple meshes and piecewise constant approximations, thereby constraining the radiosity function to be constant across each polygonal element. Much more accurate simulations are possible if linear, quadratic, or higher degree approximations...

Shadows are of great importance to computer graphics, especially for interactive animation, due to the visual cues which they provide. Most research in the field of dynamic shadowing has focussed on shadows from point light sources, since they are much easier to compute than those from area lights. This means that such shadows have sharp boundaries, and so resultant visualisations often appear ...

The paper is devoted to the study of Toeplitz operators with piecewise continuous symbols. We clarify the geometric regularities of the behaviour of the essential spectrum of Toeplitz operators in dependence on their crucial data: the angles between jump curves of symbols at a boundary point of discontinuity and on the limit values reached by a symbol at that boundary point. We show then that t...

This paper studies a program that extends the maximum duration of unemployment benefits from 30 weeks to 209 weeks. Interestingly, this program is targeted to individuals aged 50 years or older, living in certain eligible regions in Austria. In the evaluation, I use sharp discontinuities in treatment assignment at age 50 and at the border between eligible regions and control regions to identify...

A discontinuity exists between modeling and objectoriented programming languages. This discontinuity is a consequence of ambiguous notions in modeling languages and lack of corresponding notions in objectoriented programming languages. It hinders the transition between software implementation and design and hampers software maintenance. This discontinuity is particularly acute for binary class ...