In many languages prosody is used for marking focus, but the way this is done varies from one language to the next. Previous work on the acquisition of prosodic focus marking has been centred on English, German and Dutch, thus little is known about how prosodic focus is acquired outside West-Germanic varieties. We present a study of prosodic focus marking in Central Swedish, showing how the foc...

Research has shown that bimanual (two-handed) interfaces often provide more intuitive, efficient, and comfortable interaction than one-handed interfaces. This paper introduces a new input technique, bimanual marking menus, and compares its performance with five other techniques: static toolbars, hotkeys, grouped hotkeys, marking menus, and toolglasses. The study builds on previous work by setti...

The paper describes overt marking of information structure in the indigenous Andean language Aymara. In this paper we show that although the word order is free, Aymara is not a discourse-configurational language (Kiss, 1994); instead, information structure is expressed only morphologically by pragmatic suffixes. The marking of ‘topic’ is more flexible that the marking of ‘focus’ (be it at the c...

We investigate the service differentiation, in terms of average throughput, and the performance achieved using weighted window-based congestion control in networks supporting Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN). Our results show how service differentiation, queueing delay, and average throughput are affected by the increase and decrease rules of the end-system congestion control algorithms, ...

In two visual word eye tracking studies, we investigated the influence of prosody and case marking on children’s and adults’ thematic role assignment. We assigned an SVO/ OVS-biasing (vs. neutral) prosodic contour to unambiguously case marked German subject-verb-object (SVO) and object-verb-subject (OVS) sentences respectively. Scenes depicted ambiguous action events (e.g., donkey-paints->eleph...

BACKGROUND The Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, Wrong Person Surgery was approved by the Joint Commission Board of Commissioners in July 2003 and became effective July 1, 2004. It requires the performance of a preprocedural verification process, marking of the procedure site, and performing a "time out" immediately before the start of a procedure. Compliance with t...

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS ) attacks could be considered as one of the most serious security problems to the Internet today. To locate the sources of the attack packets, we usually need to find the paths through which the attack packets traversed from the sources to the victim. In this paper, we identify the weaknesses of an existing algebraic marking scheme for tracing DDoS attacks, a...

This paper proposes a modified Vegas algorithm, which can be adjusted to take a fair share of the bandwidth compared to other TCP’s. In order to do this, we investigate the maximum round-trip time achievable in steady state flows fully utilizing available link capacities without marking packets. With this, the marking queue delay is defined. We also propose an estimation algorithm for the marki...

Contextual nets, or Petri nets with read arcs, are models of concurrent systems with context dependent actions. The problem of reachability in such nets consists in finding a sequence of transitions that leads from the initial marking of a given contextual net to a given goal marking. The solution to this problem that is presented in this paper consists in constructing a finite complete prefix ...

In this paper, a generic pitch marks filtering algorithm (PMFA) is introduced in order to achieve reliable and smooth pitch marks from any input pitch tracking or marking algorithm. The proposed PMFA is a simple yet effective filtering process based on restricted dynamic programming, but very helpful for minimizing human intervention when creating large speech corpora. Moreover, this work intro...