one of the most applicable methods to measure efficiency is using data envelopment analysis (dea) models. dea measures efficiency for some homogenous units (units with the same inputs and outputs) and determines efficient and non-efficient units. since the evaluated efficiency for each unit is a relative value, it is clear that each unit tries to improve its performance and preserve (or even im...

PURPOSE To evaluate the intensity and stability of the red reflex produced by ophthalmic surgical microscopes with nearly-collimated versus focused illumination systems and to assess surgeon preference in a simulated surgical setting. METHODS This two-part evaluation consisted of postproduction surgical video analysis of red reflex intensity and a microscope use and preference survey complete...

Effects of viewing distance on the responses of horizontal canal-related secondary vestibular neurons during angular head rotation. The eye movements generated by the horizontal canal-related angular vestibuloocular reflex (AVOR) depend on the distance of the image from the head and the axis of head rotation. The effects of viewing distance on the responses of 105 horizontal canal-related centr...

Self-Organising Maps (SOM) are Artificial Neural Networks used in Pattern Recognition tasks. Their major advantage over other architectures is human readability of a model. However, they often gain poorer accuracy. Mostly used metric in SOM is the Euclidean distance, which is not the best approach to some problems. In this paper, we study an impact of the metric change on the SOM’s performance ...

Check out this month’s instructional video—“Red reflex.” Testing the red reflex is a simple and efficient way for FPs and pediatricians to rapidly screen children for ophthalmic conditions that, if left untreated, could lead to irreversible visual loss, blindness, and even death. By using a direct ophthalmoscope, readily available in the primary care physician’s office, the practitioner illumin...

We characterized the interaural translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR) in 6 normal humans to brief (approximately 200 ms), high-acceleration (0.4-1.4g) stimuli, while they fixed targets at 15 or 30 cm. The latency was 19 +/- 5 ms at 15-cm and 20 +/- 12 ms at 30-cm viewing. The gain was quantified using the ratio of actual to ideal behavior. The median position gain (at time of peak head v...

PURPOSE To investigate the causes of lower eyelid retraction and evaluate the outcomes of various surgical procedures. METHODS We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients who underwent lower eyelid retraction surgery performed by a single surgeon at Kim's Eye Hospital between 2006 and 2013. We investigated the causes of lower eyelid retraction, clinical history, characteris...

The pterion is a commonly used landmark on neurocranium; classified in four types: sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, stellate and epipteric. In this study we have found out morphology and location of pterion of skull of Gujarat region and comparison of their morphology with other populations. 42 skulls of unknown gender were examined on both sides from Department of Anatomy, Medical College Bhavn...

Feature selection is considered to be an important preprocessing step in machine learning and pattern recognition, and feature evaluation is the key issue for constructing a feature selection algorithm. In this work, we propose a new concept of neighborhood margin and neighborhood soft margin to measure the minimal distance between different classes. We use the criterion of neighborhood soft ma...

We present a simple general scheme for improving margins that is inspired on well known margin theory principles. The scheme is based on a sample re-weighting strategy. The very basic idea is in fact to add to the training set new replicas of samples which are not classified with a sufficient margin. As a study case, we present a new algorithm, namely TVQ, which is an instance of the proposed s...