This research attempts to elaborate a routine activity model of violent victimization by incorporating an explicit rational choice perspective on potential targets’ decision making to avoid violent encounters. We propose that the costs associated with a violent attack and the probability of offender retaliation depend on whether the offender’s targeting strategy is opportunistic or deliberate—a...

Offending pathways of sexual homicide perpetrators were explored with a focus on whether the pathways for those with a previous conviction for rape or attempted rape differed from those who had no such convictions. The criteria for sexual homicide was taken from the UK National Offender Management Service (NOMS) Offender Assessment System (OASys) research database, and included murders where a ...

It is widely speculated that the adoption of a technology takes off to be self-sustaining if it reaches the critical mass. However, the sponsors of competing technologies may engage in strategic maneuvering in the adoption process. Indeed, this paper shows that in the de facto standardization process of the U.S. home VCR market, there was strategic maneuvering by the Betamax sponsor, which crea...

For maneuvering target tracking problem, interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm performs better than single model algorithm, however, it also has some shortcomings. This study is devoted to propose a high accurate IMM algorithm. An improved IMM algorithm, named Switched IMM(S-IMM), is proposed. The S-IMM algorithm consists of two independent IMM filters with different model sets, CV(constan...

Tracking maneuvering targets in a radar system is more complicated because the target accelerations cannot be directly measured. It may occur severe tracking error even diverge the estimates when the maneuvering situations are happened. In this paper, we develop a Dual-Kalman filtering algorithm to handle the maneuvering targets’ tracking problems. In this approach, two collaborative Kalman fil...

Weak-signal and high-dynamics are of two primary concerns of space navigation using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) in the space service volume (SSV). The paper firstly defines a reference assumption third-order phase-locked loop (PLL) as the baseline of an onboard GNSS receiver, and proves the incompetence of this conventional architecture. Then an adaptive four-state Kalman filter (...

In this paper, a novel rating based fuzzy analytic network process (F-ANP) model is proposed for the evaluation of ship maneuverability and the improvement of maneuverability standards. By incorporating the F-ANP technique into the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) maneuverability standards, the proposed model is able to solve the problem of mutual dependencies of the maneuvering factors inhere...

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN EDUCATING THE JUVENILE OFFENDER

Agility of the supply chain is one of the main challenges in organizations which acting in a dynamic and complex environment, which they have to be able to answer to customers quickly. But the agility of supply chain is influenced by different agents. Using the model based on agent, this study has tried to simulate the agility of supply chain in an institute of higher education. There are three...