dental anatomical variations play a significant role in the diagnosis and a successful treatment outcome in endodontics. it is essential for the clinician to have a clear picture and understanding of the pulpal anatomy and its variations. in a mandibular second premolar, it is rare to find extra roots and canals. the aim of the present article is to report a case about the successful diagnosis,...

OBJECTIVES There is no agreement on using inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block or supraperiosteal infiltration anesthesia during dental implant surgery in the posterior mandibular region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of supraperiosteal infiltration anesthesia on posterior mandibular region during dental implant surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 52 implants...

The mental foramen can be found in various locations, ranging from the root of the first lower premolar to the roots of the first molar. The anterior loop is described as the mental canal, which rises from the mandibular canal and runs outward, upward, and backward to open at the mental foramen. The knowledge of the location of the mental foramen and the existence of an anterior loop is importa...

Tooth agenesis is the most common of all dental developmental disorders. The mandibular second premolars are the teeth most commonly found missing (2.2 to 4.1%) after the third molars. There are more studies on tooth agenesis than the other malformations but yet they are limited. This article reviews the studies related to agenesis of mandibular second premolars and the underlying mechanisms be...

Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important both when administering regional anesthesia and performing periapical surgery in the mental region of the mandible. This study determines the position of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. One hundred and sixty nine panoramic radiographs of Malay patients retrieved from a minor oral surgery waiting list were selected t...

This clinical article presents and describes the endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar exhibiting a total of four separate root canals. This incidence in mandibular second premolars is particularly rare in the international endodontic literature. Only some infrequent cases of mandibular second premolars with four canals have been presented; however, this was done without the use ...

A 16-year-old woman with congenitally missing permanent mandibular second premolars and central incisors presented for treatment. The prosthodontic treatment consisted of placing 2 internal tri-lobed narrow platform implants in the mandibular second premolar spaces, along with zirconium abutments and all-ceramic crowns. A 4-unit zirconium fixed partial denture was fabricated to restore the miss...