background and aim : proper and immediate management of traumatic dental injuries depends highly on dentists’ knowledge. the aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge of dentistry students at universities of tehran about managing traumatic dental injuries. materials and methods : the participants of this cross-sectional study were senior year students at dental faculties of four universities ...

the arid zone encompasses land that has an imbalance between precipitation and losses through evaporation. globally, arid zones comprise large part of many countries in the mid-latitudes in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. both australia and iran are countries with a large arid zone. this negative water balance in the arid zone affects the type of land use in these countries. at ...

objective: in addition to issues such as environment, transportation, safely and urban planning, one of the most important factors  having increasingly influence on urban organizing factors is urban management. methods: there are so many issues in cities that for its solving, urban management factor is necessary. complexity and  extensiveness of urban issue and its  development and growth, led ...

case presentation we present a case of a grade iii coronary perforation in which the double guiding catheter technique helped us to deliver the graft stent. conclusions the double-guiding technique is useful in emergency situations to increase the safety and efficacy of sealing a coronary perforation. introduction coronary vessel perforation is one of the most feared complications of coronary a...

there is nothing quite so helpless in this world as a baby broiler chick which has been snatched from the warmth of its surrogated mother, carted umpteen kilometers in a box dumped unceremoniously in a broiler shed and then told to get on with the job of making the boss a wealthy man. yet within the space of 14 days, that same chick, under optimum conditions, will have increased its day-old bod...

the number of lambs sold per ewe mated in the breeding flock has a considerable impact on sheep operation profitability. this depends primarily on fertility, prolificacy (# of lambs), and lamb survival, mothering ability, milk production of the ewe and lamb growth rate. optimal reproduction does vary by environment and management system – some sheep operations don’t want a lambing rate over 200...

the editorial is commendable and i agree with many of the points raised. management is an important aspect of health system strengthening which is often overlooked. in order to build the capacity of management, we need to consider other factors such as, the environment within which managers work, their numbers, support systems and distribution. effective leadership is an issue which cannot be o...

various disasters are still inevitable and over the last two decades, affected lives of at least 800 million people. iran is one of the most disaster-prone countries and about 90% of the country are at risks of earthquakes or floods. thus, the disaster management in our country is a priority. in recent years, several protocols have been put forward to manage the emergencies and disasters. in th...