Anopheles (Anopheles) mediopunctatus (Lutz) and Anopheles (Anopheles) costai Fonseca & Ramos are redescribed with illustrations of the male genitalia and larval and pupal stages. The pupa of An. costai has paired lateral projections on the wing case, a feature also known in members of the Umbrosus Group from Southeast Asia. An. costai is resurrected from the synonymy of An. mediopunctatus based...

Stigmella multispicata Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., S. sexcornuta Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., and Ectoedemia paraortiva Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov. are described from Primorskiy Kray (Russian Far East). The new species are illustrated with photographs and drawings of the adults and genitalia. Stigmella thuringiaca (Petry), a species previously known only from West Palaearctic, is here newly recor...

Commatarcha galicicae Tokár & Srnka, sp. nov. is described from specimens taken in two south-eastern European localities, the Galičica Mountain North Macedonia, and Dubova Banat, Romania. The new species belongs to genus Meyrick, 1935, which for Lepidoptera fauna. It resembles some Asian this also American Bondia comonana (Kearfott, 1907) external characters. In genitalia of both sexes, it ...

The evolutionary forces responsible for the evolution of animal genitalia have a long history of controversy. Why the special interest in genitalia? In addition to the intrinsic interest of organs that are so intimately related to reproduction and fi tness, it is because of a classic property of genital evolution: the morphological forms of genitalia are often speciesspecifi c, and these forms ...

Rapid evolution of genitalia shape, a widespread phenomenon in animals with internal fertilization, offers the opportunity to dissect the genetic architecture of morphological evolution linked to sexual selection and speciation. Most quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies of genitalia divergence have focused on Drosophila melanogaster and its three most closely related species, D. simula...

A person's sex can be considered across various levels. To illustrate, genes, hormones, and genitalia can all be considered physical markers of a person's sex. In addition to physical markers, behaviors such as gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation can be perceived as stereotypically male or female. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge of sexual differentia...

Gymnnocnemia editaerevayae nov. sp. is described from the High Atlas Mountains in Morocco and compared to Gymnocneinia variegata Schneider, 1845. Descriptions of male genitalia and male and female terminalia of G. variegata are provided. Both species are illustrated.

Acasis appensata (Eversmann, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), distributed from central and northern Europe to eastern Asia, was collected in the Mediterranean (Central Italy, Abruzzi) for the first time. Adults from this region differ significantly from nominotypical populations in external appearance and in the 5’ barcode fragment of the CO1 gene (barcode). However, morphology of male and fem...

Our aim was to define the association between early onset intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental insufficiency and hypospadias in males. We prospectively studied a cohort of small-for-gestational age (SGA) male infants with hypospadias managed by a multidisciplinary team over a 5-year period. Thirty SGA male infants were diagnosed with hypospadias/abnormal genitalia after birt...