BACKGROUND Poor data exist on the influence of psychosocial variables on the female/male ratio of depression because of the small number of cases and the resulting limited numbers of variables available for investigation. For this investigation a large number of first admitted depressed patients (N = 2599) was available which offered the unique opportunity to calculate age specific sex ratios f...

The area of female criminality has historically attracted little attention from criminologists,! and remains one in which few systematic empirical studies have been conducted. One point that has been firmly established, however, is that male arrest rates surpass female arrest rates in all societies and in all historical periods for which reliable data are available. Nonetheless, explanations fo...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare between weight and gender categories the attack and pause times during the 2007 Taekwondo World Championship. METHODS A total of 88 rounds (47 male and 41 female contests) were analyzed. RESULTS There was no difference in attack/balancing times ratio between genders (0.13 ± 0.06 vs 0.13 ± 0.06, P > 0.05). The attack number was significantly hi...

Sexual conflict occurs when individuals of one sex express traits that reduce the fitness of individuals of the other sex. In many poeciliid fish, males harass females for copulations, which is thought to reduce female fitness by lowering foraging efficiency and increasing predation risk, energetic expenditure and the likelihood of disease transmission. Mating may also be costly for males, who ...

Divergence at reproductive traits can generate barriers among populations, and may result from several mechanisms, including drift, local selection and co-adaptation between the sexes. Intersexual co-adaptation can arise through sexually antagonistic co-evolution, a timely hypothesis addressed in animals but, to our knowledge, not yet in flowering plants. We investigated whether male and female...

This paper uncovers a counter-intuitive effect of international trade on female labor shares: whenever trade expands sectors intensive in female labor, female labor shares drop. When capital complements female labor more than male labor, the following mechanism operates: Expansions of sectors intensive in female labor come along with contractions of sectors intensive in male labor. Thus, male l...

Plasma testosterone levels were higher in pooled samples from male fetuses than from female fetuses on day 19 of pregnancy. Plasma testosterone from female fetuses with males located caudally in the uterus was higher than from females that lacked such males. Testosterone level of both male and female fetuses was correlated with maternal testosterone. No correlation was found between maternal te...

a highly heterogeneous population of minority ethnic groups. Among these are two groups in which the practice of female circumcision, or female genital mutilation as it is now known, is traditional: the Somalis and the Yemenis. In addition to these well established communities there are members of other ethnic groups in which it is practised. Female genital mutilation is an ancient practice fou...