CONTEXT The contribution that international medical graduates (IMGs) make to reducing the rural-urban maldistribution of physicians in the United States is unclear. Quantifying the extent of such "gap filling" has significant implications for planning IMG workforce needs as well as other state and federal initiatives to increase the numbers of rural providers. PURPOSE To compare the practice ...

INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to determine whether interactions of cell activation, shear stress and platelets at sites of endothelial injury explain the paradoxical maldistribution of activated leukocytes during sepsis away from local sites of infection towards disseminated leukocyte accumulation at remote sites. METHODS Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) and polymorp...

The hypothesis was tested that regional myocardial contractile dysfunction can detect subtle regional coronary blood flow maldistribution induced by exercise. In seven dogs, left ventricular pressure (micromanometer), regional systolic wall thickening (WTh, sonomicrometry), and myocardial blood flow (MBF, microspheres) were measured when mild degrees of coronary artery stenosis were produced du...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to scope the literature that exists about factors influencing oral health workforce planning and management in developing countries (DCs). METHODS The Arksey and O'Malley method for conducting a scoping review was used. A replicable search strategy was applied, using three databases. Factors influencing oral health workforce planning and management in ...

INTRODUCTION The geographic maldistribution of physicians (their concentration in urban areas and shortage in rural areas) has long been an important political issue in post-war Japan. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term transition in the geographic distribution of physicians, and to reveal which rural physician characteristics predict their retention in rural areas after 22 years. ...

BACKGROUND Physician maldistribution is an ongoing concern globally. The extent of medical schools retaining graduates within their geographical areas has rarely been explored in Japan or in other countries. This study aimed to investigate whether the proportion of medical school graduates practicing in the vicinity of medical school (retention rate) differs by the year of the school's establis...