This paper analyses the evolution of the business cycle worldwide synchronization since 1960. For that, it purposes a correlation index that allows to measure the cross-country synchronization period per period rather than using time windows. This new methodlogy allows to control for outliers when synchronizion across countries increased/droped unexpectedly in single years, and so, it can check...

This paper contributes to the globalization debate by studying the overall effect on growth of openness and indigenous factors. The data from 1998-2005 covers 122 economies. The result of a nonparametric estimation of a two-way random effects model show that both the openness and indigeneity factors promote growth. Industrialized economies score relatively high in terms of performance in both f...

Phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE9) inhibitors have been studied as potential therapeutics for treatment of central nervous system diseases and diabetes. Here, we report the discovery of a new category of PDE9 inhibitors by rational design on the basis of the crystal structures. The best compound, (S)-6-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)amino)-1-cyclopentyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-day]pyrimidin-4-one...

This paper analyzes the initial filing and the subsequent renewal decisions of the international patent applicants. Specifically I use as data input a comprehensive patent documentation collected from the EUropean Patent Office (EPO) that was unprecedented in its level of disaggregation by various characteristics such as nationality of inventor, type of technology and designated country of pate...

abstract this study investigates casual relationship between co2 emission and gross domestic product per capita in five different country groups, using cross- country data for the period 1960-2007. to achieve the purpose, the co- integration test and error correction models are applied. results confirm casual relationships between the two variables. a unilateral relationship between gdp and co2...

Recently, considerable emphasis has been placed on the problems arising out of cross-sectional dependence in panel unit root tests. This paper adopts the factor based cross-sectional dependence paradigm of Bai and Ng (2004) but suggests alternative factor extraction methods. Some theoretical results for these methods are provided. Further, a detailed Monte Carlo study of these methods for multi...

one of the most important issues about production structure and measurement of factors utilization in industry is the study of substitutability among the production factors. while, energy, for its particular features like finite and the direct relationship between energy usage and air pollution; and specifically abundance of energy resources and allocation of subsidies to different energy carri...

in the present time, phenomenon like globalization, regionalism and economic integration are the basic issues which bring many positive consequences to the world economy. regionalism and economic integration are one of the ways that developing countries can adopt to collate the globalization process. to acknowledge their own abilities or, to settle the commercial and economic disputes in their ...

Ekonomide belirsizlik, dış ticaret ve döviz kuru gibi makro ekonomik değişkenler üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Küreselleşmenin ilerlemesi ekonomilerin karşılıklı bağımlılığının artmasıyla birlikte uluslararası ticaret, ekonomide yaşanan belirsizlik ortamından güçlü bir şekilde etkilenmektedir. Literatürde ekonomi politika belirsizliğinin üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin tam olarak görüş birliği ...