Eşrefoğlu Rumi (d. 875/1469?) and Ümmî Kemal 880/1475?) are prominent practitioners of Ottoman Sufi (tekke) poetry—literature that emerged from the environment Anatolian orders. The parallel histories transmission their two divans help clarify details poets’ lives. Conversely, biographical facts may explain oddities those histories, which themselves also illuminate features late fifteent...

Abstract This study argues, contrary to some opinions, that shadow performance existed in Iran from at least the tenth twentieth century. Through a textual analysis of newly discovered ancient texts, two plays specifically, this shows how originated Indian subcontinent, was transported historical region now known as Iraq, and then spread Egypt, developing over time through its progression. also...

Ali Anooshahr’s Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires: A Study Pol- itics Invented Traditions explores how late medieval early modern Persianate historians dealt with Turco-Mongol lineages founders Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Mongol, Shibanid empires. As Anooshahr claims, legacy heritage was mostly linked negative associa- tions “barbarity,” “plundering,” “violence,” “paganism,” in discursiv...

with its favorable geographical location, qazvin has long been a center of civilization in the iranian plateau. due to its strategic importance and being situated on the way to routes going to west and east, qazvin has always enjoyed military and political significance in both the pre-islamic and the islamic period. after the muslim arabs’ conquest of persia, qazvin became one of the borders of...

this study is a description about the development of ceremonies and rituals and also the formation of religious system and the type of its opposition with the political system, after the official declaration of asna ashari (twelve imams) shiism in the safavid dynasty. the author believes that at least four development periods can be considered in iranian rituals in the safavid era. the first pe...

the development of the persian poetry in the indian subcontinent is investigated in this paper. it is emphasized that the persian literature and language was developing in india along with the persian literature and language in iran. any transition of any nature occurring in iran left its impact on even remote lands, making the ground for khorasani, azarbayejani and araghi styles flourish in in...

one of the chapters in the history of iranian music is the place and significance of the musical instrument called oud. this instrument, initially named “barbat”, emerged during the sassanid dynasty. generally known under the name “oud” in islamic era, it became grepopular in islamic countries. in iran, this instrument enjoyed great importance until the fall of the safavid dynasty. from the ear...