In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell proposed four equations governing the dynamics of electric fi elds, magnetic fi elds and electric charges, which are now known as Maxwell’s equations1. Th ey show that magnetic interactions and motion of electric charges, which were initially thought to be two independent phenomena, are intrinsically coupled to each other. In the covariant relativistic form, they re...

Introduction Development of mobile NMR and MRI has been pursued since the pioneering work on well-logging, in order to reach the performance of high-resolution systems. Permanent magnets are the key to such mobile systems and the development of rare earth NdFeB and SmCo materials allows the generation of high strength magnets. However, most systems currently used are based on bar magnets or Hal...

Aspects of wave propagation and scattering with an emphasis on specific applications in engineering and physics are examined. Frequency-domain methods prevail. Both forward and inverse problems are considered. Typical applications of the method of moments to rough surface three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic scattering require a truncation of the surface considered and call for a tapered inc...

Recent neutron scattering studies of the critical behaviour of isotropic ferromagnets revealed the apparent contradiction between a good agreement with dynamic scaling at T = T, and drastic deviations from scaling at T > Tc. In EuO the experimental findings are consistent with latest theoretical results taking into account dipolar interactions. The ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition at...

Issues related to plasma based acceleration using nonlinear wakefields are investigated. Nonlinear wakefields provide ideal linear focusing fields and radially independent accelerating fields which limit emittance growth and energy spread. When the accelerated charge is tightly focused the plasma ions can collapse thereby modifying the wakefields within the beam. We use computer simulations to ...