The mechanisms by which Cordilleran plutons are emplaced vary widely. However, the present authors have examined a series of plutons ranging from 2–35 km emplacement depth that have many common features, which suggest that downward transport of host rock is the most important mechanism during magma ascent and pluton emplacement. Many of these Cordilleran plutons preserve gently dipping, unfault...

Measurements of CO2 fluxes from open-vent volcanos are rare, yet may offer special capabilities for monitoring volcanos and forecasting activity. The measured fluxes of CO2 and SO2 from Mount St. Helens decreased from July through November 1980, but the record includes variations of CO2/SO2 in the emitted gas and episodes of greatly increased fluxes of CO2. We propose that the CO2 flux variatio...

The paper combines a simple monetary overlapping generations model with a simple abstract spatial structure, to produce a model that focuses on the effect of the distribution of cash balances on real and nominal variables, both across the economy, and over time. The model is then used to study the effects of a monetary shock. The economy is endowed with a spatial structure in the form of a Cayl...

By using recently determined experimental phase equilibria we show that the viscosity of granitic magmas emplaced atupper crustal levels is approximately constant a -• 104.5 Pa s, irrespective of their temperature and level of emplacement. Magmas crystallizing as granitic plutons are not water-poor and thus not more viscous than their extrusive equivalents. Instead, comparison between pre-erupt...

Crustal magnetization of rocks in regions of Mars surface testifies to an era of dynamo activity. I examine the possibility that the dynamo that operated then, in the first 400–600 Ma after Mars formed, was powered by a crystallizing subsurface magma ocean. Of the ways that a magma ocean dynamo could operate, on Mars only turbulent and magnetostrophic dynamos seem feasible; geostrophic dynamos ...

It has long been recognized that mare basalts on the Moon are preferentially located both on the Earth-facing hemisphere and within large impact basins. A popular model that accounts for this observation assumes that these magmas were denser than the lunar crust, that they accumulated at the crust^mantle interface, and that eruptions occurred only when this magma chamber became overpressurized....

ONE petrological approach to upper mant le studies is to determine which ultramafic rocks represent mantle material. Ultramafic rocks occur in a variety of field and petrographic associations : in recent reviews, Wyllie [1967b, 1968] outlined eleven petrographic associations, some with subdivisions. In this summary, it is convenient to consider these in four larger groups: (1) layered, stratifo...

twenty four samples of xenoliths and country rocks from the 1961 lava flow of calbuco volcano have been studied. fourteen samples have been analyzed for major elements and p, ni, ba, cr, v, zr, sc, y, and sr. five of these samples were further analyzed for sm, nd, sr, and pb isotope ratios. seventeen samples were analyzed under the microscope and three samples were analyzed by microprobe for th...

One of the greatest remaining problems in modern volcanology is the process by which volcanic eruptions are triggered. It is generally accepted that eruptions are preceded by magma intrusion [Sigurdsson and Sparks, 1978]. The degree of interaction between previously ponded magma in a chamber and newly intruded magma determines the nature and rate of eruption and also the chemistry of erupted la...

Intrusions of magma induce thermal aureoles in the country rock. Analytical solutions predict that the thickness of an aureole is proportional to the thickness of the intrusion. However, in the field, thermal aureoles are often significantly thinner or wider than predicted by simple thermal models. Numerical models show that thermal aureoles are wider if the heat transfer in the magma is faster...