This study was an attempt to investigate the developmental rate of fluency, accuracy and complexity among 12 EFL learners within the framework of chaos complexity theory. To carry out this study, 6 female and 6 male participants in two levels of proficiency (pre-and upper-intermediate) were put in two classes taught by the same teacher and following the same course. Every two months (for a peri...

BACKGROUND Calculation deficits are a common early manifestation of Alzheimer disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate oral and written calculation skills in AD patients using quantitative and qualitative methods. DESIGN Comparison among controls, patients with mild AD, and patients with moderate AD on measures of arithmetic skill. SETTING Tertiary care university medical center. PARTICIP...

Specific language impairment (SLI) diagnosed in the pre-school years is frequently associated with reading and writing difficulties at school age. The nature of this relationship is unclear, despite the availability of a large number of studies, mostly on English speaking children. Phonological processing deficits have been considered the prominent cause of both difficulties. However recent fin...

Reading and listening as receptive skills have been investigated from multiple angles. The current research is a descriptive study aiming to find the correlation between two skills. In addition, it investigates strengths weaknesses in terms of four subskills (finding main idea, answering stated-detail questions, implied-detail identifying meaning expressions used an oral or written discourse) p...

BACKGROUND There are an increasing number of training programs in emergency medicine involving different countries or cultures. Many examination types, both oral and written, have been validated as useful assessment tools around the world; but learner perception of their use in the setting of cross-cultural training programs has not been described. AIMS The goal of this study was to evaluate ...

background and purpose: patient education is one important competency expected from health care professionals . the aim of this study , was to evaluat quality of written materials provide for education of patients with chronic diseases in form of pamphlets made by nursing students . methods: this study used a non experimental, descriptive design .in this research , first copy of 120 pamphlets m...