This article addresses the formation of low angle grain boundaries which give rise to mosaicity, a phenomenon that has only recently received attention in single crystal Ni-base superalloy field. In this work, post-mortem advanced microscopy characterisation techniques are employed deduce dendrite tip growth kinetics from transverse sections turbine blade. As result, it been possible highlight ...

ions of the global environment are brought down to the macro level to guide macro-level implementation. Shadow This is a representation of the global wires overlaying a macro that is used to guide macro physical design and for macro extraction. Timing assertions This is information on the global timing at macro interfaces-arrival times with phase tags on inputs, required arrival times with phas...

This article investigates how the growth in income inequality from 1970 to 2000 affected patterns of income segregation along three dimensions: the spatial segregation of poverty and affluence, race-specific patterns of income segregation, and the geographic scale of income segregation. The evidence reveals a robust relationship between income inequality and income segregation, an effect that i...

POMDP planning faces two major computational challenges: large state spaces and long planning horizons. The recently introduced Monte Carlo Value Iteration (MCVI) can tackle POMDPs with very large discrete state spaces or continuous state spaces, but its performance degrades when faced with long planning horizons. This paper presents Macro-MCVI, which extends MCVI by exploiting macro-actions fo...

Orthodox macro theories reflect a choice-theoretic orientation wherein aggregate variables act directly on one another. Hence, macro phenomena are reduced to the same order of simplicity as micro phenomena. In contrast, this paper explores how macro theory might be pursued when it is recognized that macro phenomena are of a higher order of complexity than micro phenomena. Rather than reducing m...

This document describes Macro-FF, an adaptive planning system developed on top of FF version 2.3. The original FF is a fully automatic planner that uses a heuristic search approach. In addition, Macro-FF can automatically learn and use macro-actions with the goal of reducing the number of expanded nodes in the search. Macro-FF also includes implementation enhancements for reducing space and CPU...

In many sexually dimorphic mammals, adults tend to form single-sex groups ('social segregation'). It has been assumed that social segregation is simply a by-product of sex differences in habitat use ('habitat segregation'). I tested this assumption on red deer, Cervus elaphus, and feral soay sheep, Ovis aries, using data on group composition, habitat use and space use collected on the Scottish ...

Many of the findings regarding economic voting derive from the micro-level analyses of survey data, in which respondents’ survey evaluations of the economy are shown to predict the vote. This paper investigates the causal nature of this relationship and argues that cross-sectional consistency between economic evaluations and vote choice is mainly if not entirely due to vote choice influencing t...