objective: soil organic carbon has been the most important soil quality measurement factors and has intense relation with soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. organic matter and its components are important factors of soil aggregates constitution and stability and play significant role in its structure. so, this research has been done for achieving this purpose. methods: this...

The concept of emergence is central to artificial life and complexity science, yet quantitative, intuitive, and easy-to-apply measures of emergence are surprisingly lacking. Here, I introduce a just such a measure, G-emergence, which operationalizes the notion that an emergent process is both dependent upon and autonomous from its underlying causal factors. G-emergence is based on a nonlinear t...

This paper contributes to the literature on organizational change by examining organizations as social entities embedded in inter-organizational networks. In contrast with extant research that focuses on macro environmental and internal factors to explain organizational change, we put forth the social network surrounding the firm as a major driver of any change process. Specifically, we examine...

Sustainability assessment has received numerous attentions in the mining industry. Mining sustainability includes the environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and a sustainable development is achieved when all these dimensions improve in a balanced manner. Therefore, to measure the sustainability score of a mine, we require an approach that evaluates all these three dimensions of mining ...

This article presents an overview of current understandings in the study of political and civic engagement and participation, drawing in particular on innovations which have emerged from the PIDOP project. For the purposes of the article, ‘engagement’ is defined as having an interest in, paying attention to, or having knowledge, beliefs, opinions, attitudes or feelings about either political or...

Happiness is an essential universal human goal in their life that can improve the quality of life. Since introduction positive psychology, primary consideration has been pointed out to study role from certain factors predicting happiness, especially advancement technology allows computer-mediated be part interaction. It provides a multidimensional approach and indirect influence expression comm...