AIM The aim of the study was to identify the impact of T stage, the presence of estrogen, progesterone, HER2neu receptors and the values of the Ki67 on the positivity for metastases of the axillary lymph nodes, from primary breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS 290 surgically treated patients for breast cancer were included in the study. All cases have been analyzed by standard histological ana...

We report a case of a 35-year-old lady who presented with Cushingoid features and associated raised urinary metanephrine. The patient underwent open adrenelectomy. Histopathological examination revealed adreno-cortical carcinoma with microscopic lymphovascular invasion. Postoperative period was uneventful and is on follow-up for the last one year and is doing well.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the postoperative pathological characteristics of hysterectomy specimens, preoperative cancer antigen (CA)-125 levels and imaging modalities in patients with endometrial cancer and to build a risk matrix model to identify and recruit patients for retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. METHODS: A total of 405 patients undergoing surgical treatment for endometrial cancer were ...

BACKGROUND The most common malignancy in the urinary system has been bladder cancer and the most predominant histologic subtype has been transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). There were many molecular risk factors, related with poor prognosis. One of these factors was expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the epi...

Background: Treatment for early colon cancer has progressed rapidly with endoscopic resection and minimally invasive surgery. Selection of patients without risk lymph node metastasis is necessary before deciding on treatment. We aimed to review the optimal multidisciplinary treatment strategies cancer, including endoscopy surgery.Current Concepts: Pathological factors include histologic grade c...

that metastasis often occurs early in tumor progression. In early stage breast cancer, for example, a significant percentage of patients exhibit circulating tumor cells (CTC's) and disseminated bone marrow tumor cells (DTC's) [1,2]. More direct experimental evidence for " early metastasis " has been observed in studies of transgenic mice expressing a cancer-causing oncogene where the primary ca...