In order to assess the effect of dredging on macrozoobenthos community, study was carried out in the Hazratbal Basin of Dal Lake from August 2010 to January 2011. The results showed strongly significant differences (P<0.05) between control site and the site which was sampled after dredging operation. The significant differences were also found between pre-dredging and post-dredging (P = 0.004),...

objective: lymnaea palustris was previously found in mazandaran province but there was not any report about its parasitologic aspects. this study was conducted to finding ecological and parasitological aspects of snail in mazandaran province, north of iran. materials and methods: in this descriptive study, more than 181 locations, were checked, in 36 locations, colonies of the snail were found...

Gaining insight into how natural trait variation is manifest in populations shaped by differential environmental factors is crucial to understanding the evolution, ecology and sensory biology of natural populations. We have demonstrated that lab-reared Lymnaea detect and respond to the scent of a crayfish predator with specific, appropriate anti-predator behavioral responses, including enhanced...

The paper presents a study leading to a new acute toxicity test on embryonic and juvenile organisms of the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis Linnaeus). Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and ammonium hydroxide were used as waterborne toxicants in laboratory experiments. The exposure time was 24 h. Tests were conducted in 5–10 replications for each toxicant. The toxicity of the substances was classif...

Lymnaea stagnalis, often termed the great pond snail, is characterized in part by its ability to take in oxygen both cutaneously and aerially (via its rudimentary lung). The central nervous system of the Lymnaea is composed of a relatively small number of large, identifiable neurons. In 1990, Syed et al. [1] established that respiratory rhythmogenesis in the Lymnaea is controlled by a 3-neuron ...

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) support neuronal survival, differentiation, and even synaptic plasticity both during development and throughout the life of an organism. However, their precise roles in central synapse formation remain unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that excitatory synapse formation in Lymnaea stagnalis requires a source of extrinsic NTFs and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) acti...

Dermal photoreceptors located in the mantle of Lymnaea stagnalis were histologically and physiologically characterized. Our previous study demonstrated that the shadow response from dermal photoreceptors induces the whole-body withdrawal response. Through the interneuron, RPeD11, we detected that the light-off response indirectly originated from a dermal photoreceptor. Previous observations, ba...

the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of developmental stages of fasciola gigantica infection in lymnaea snails and their populations in sylhet region of bangladesh. a total of 1865 lymnaea snails were collected and examined, of which 56 (3%) were found to having infected with developmental stages of fasciola gigantica. only 4.08% infected of 515 snails were collected fr...

In this study, we demonstrate neural changes that occurred during operant conditioning of the aerial respiratory behavior of Lymnaea stagnalis. Aerial respiration in Lymnaea occurs at the water interface and is achieved by opening and closing movements of its respiratory orifice, the pneumostome. This behavior is controlled by a central pattern generator (CPG), the neurons of which, as well as ...