A bond graph model of a Linear Time-Varying (LTV) system is presented. This bond graph can have LTV constitutive relations of the …elds, and transformer and gyrator LTV modules. Hence, a junction structure and the state variables equation of the bond graph can be obtained. Also, a Lemma to determine the stability conditions of a LTV system based on the corresponding bond graph model is proposed...

This paper uses critical realism to reflect upon the issue of theory in Marx‟s Labour Theory of Value (LTV). Like any theory, the LTV is rooted in a mode of theorisation. Rooting the LTV in an inappropriate (deductivist) mode of theorisation encourages the formulation of (quantitative) versions of the LTV that (a) have severe problems and (b) lack explanatory power. Conversely, rooting the LTV ...

Although lumbosacral lipoma is reported to occur in 4-8 of 100,000 patients, and 66% of lipomyelomeningoceles in young patients are accompanied by hypertrophic filum terminale, it is very rare to find two isolated spinal lipomas simultaneously. A 3 month-old baby girl was admitted to the hospital for a protruding, non-tender, soft, subcutaneous 2.5 cm mass of the lumbosacral area that had been ...

Background & Aim: Spondylolisthesis is a visible deformity in lumbosacral region with vertebral slip and fracture or other deformities of pars interarticularis. This study aims at investigating the characteristics of spondylolisthesis surgery in operated patients. Methods & Materials/Patients: This is a retrospective study which included all the patients who had undergone spondylolisthesis ...

The mammalian vertebral column is highly variable, reflecting adaptations to a wide range of lifestyles, from burrowing in moles to flying in bats. However, in many taxa, the number of trunk vertebrae is surprisingly constant. We argue that this constancy results from strong selection against initial changes of these numbers in fast running and agile mammals, whereas such selection is weak in s...

To evaluate the frequency of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) on MRI in patients with backpain and clinically suspected sacroiliitis. Sacroiliac who had were suspicious for sacroiliitis between November 2021-March 2022 retrospectively analyzed from hospital database by two different radiologists. LSTV cases identified subgrouped according to Castellvi classification. Presence sacroilii...

SUMMARY LSTVs are common within the spine, and their association with low back pain has been debated in the literature for nearly a century. LSTVs include sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. These vertebral bodies demonstrate varying morphology, ranging from broadened transverse processes to complete fusion. Low back pain associat...

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence and degree of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort, to assess whether LSTV correlates with low back pain (LBP) and buttock pain, and to assess the reproducibility of grading LSTV. MATERIALS & METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent documentation was approved for the study...