In this paper, we consider protection schemes for linear timeinvariant (LTI) controllers in switched systems. These controllers are often digital in nature and, as such, are subject to internal hardware malfunctions (faults). A discrete-time (DT) LTI system is usually protected against faults by embedding the state-space of the original system into the state-space of a higher dimensional redund...

Most of control systems in vogue are Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems and are characterized by several parameters such as settling time, over shoot and rise time etc. Optimization of these parameters is required to meet the desired system response and smooth operation of the system. In this paper, an optimization based compensator is designed and implemented for a closed loop LTI system and ...

The minimum phase systems have ultimately been redefined for LTI discrete-time systems, at first SISO and later square MIMO ones, as those systems for which minimum variance control (MVC) is asymptotically stable, or in other words those systems who have ‘stable’ zeros, or at last as ‘stably invertible’ systems. The redefinition has soon been extended to nonsquare discrete-time LTI MIMO systems...

The development of secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes (LNs), in the embryo results from the reciprocal action between lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and stromal cells. However, the initial events inducing LN anlagen formation before the LTi stromal cells cross-talk interactions take place are not fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the inguinal LN anlagen in mouse emb...

1. Explain why difference equations result from digital control of analog systems. 2. Obtain the z-transform of a given time sequence and the time sequence corresponding to a function of z. 3. Solve linear time-invariant (LTI) difference equations using the z-transform. 4. Obtain the z-transfer function of an LTI system. 5. Obtain the time response of an LTI system using its transfer function o...

In this paper we propose a novel approach for gesture modeling. We aim at decomposing a gesture into sub-trajectories that are the output of a sequence of atomic linear time invariant (LTI) systems, and we use a Hidden Markov Model to model the transitions from the LTI system to another. For this purpose, we represent the human body motion in a temporal window as a set of body joint trajectorie...

The influences of age (4 to 12 wk), sexual maturity status, and sex on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness were investigated by measuring changes in peripheral basal levels of corticosterone (B) and responses to 10 min of physical restraint in a crush cage or injection of 1-24 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in 2 genotypes of Japanese quail divergently selected for long ...

Abstract We analyze the distributional effects of macroprudential policy on mortgage cycles by exploiting U.K. register and a 2014 15% limit imposed lenders' high loan-to-income (LTI) mortgages. Constrained lenders issue fewer more expensive high-LTI mortgages, with stronger low-income borrowers. Unconstrained strongly substitute loans in local areas higher constrained lender presence, but not ...

Stimulated by a general necessary and sufficient condition for robust stability of sampled-data systems stated in an operator-theoretic framework, we introduce a novel technique called linear periodically timevarying (LPTV) scaling. We then give a simple example of sampled-data systems in which this new scaling allows exact robust stability analysis for static uncertainties while the convention...