Rats cotreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ranitidine (RAN) but not LPS and famotidine (FAM) develop hepatocellular injury in an animal model of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Evaluation of liver gene expression in rats given LPS and/or RAN led to confirmation that the hemostatic system, hypoxia, and neutrophils (PMNs) are critical mediators in LPS/RAN-induced liver injury. We tested the h...

AIM To examine the role of A20 in the regulation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) inflammation. METHODS Using gene transfection, both stable overexpression and knockdown A20-expressed HT-29 cell lines were established. Accordingly, the cells were divided into the following groups: The control group, the A20 overexpression group, the A20 knockdown group and the respective controls. A20 wa...

It has been demonstrated that the neonatal suckling rat is more susceptible to endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]-induced colonic damage compared with weaned littermates. There is evidence to suggest that differences in the production of certain cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-10, are associated with intestinal inflammation in children. We have examined the production, l...

Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an indicator of microbial translocation from the gut, is a likely cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. LPS induces monocyte activation and trafficking into brain, which are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). To determine whether high LPS levels are associated with increased monocyte activation a...

Macrophages secrete interferon (IFN), as well as other cytokines, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of DNA-binding proteins that have been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of IFN and certain IFN-inducible genes. We therefore characterized basal and LPS-inducible levels of IRF-1, IRF-2, and interferon consensus ...

Introduction: In the present study, the effect of an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress and inflammation parameters was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into 5 groups and treated: 1) Control (Saline), 2) LPS (1 mg/kg), 3-5) AG 50, 100 and 150mg/kg 30 min before LPS injectio...

Quercetin 3-O-beta-(2(")-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside (QGR) is a naturally occurring quercitrin gallate, which is a polyphenolic compound that was originally isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonaceae). QGR has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, this study was conducted to in...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by aberrant proliferation and activation of lung fibroblasts. Epigenetic regulation of thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 (Thy-1) is associated with lung fibroblast phenotype transformation that results in aberrant cell proliferation. However, it is not clear whether the epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 expression is required f...

Genito-urinary tract or systemic infections of the gram-negative bacteria in pregnant women, causes abortions, preterm labor, and several other perinatal complications. LPS is the most potent antigenic component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall and is known to modulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines. Here we investigate the role of the soluble form of IL-1 i.e., IL-...