Among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. This article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in Iran. To achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of Iran's major producers of ma...

The aim of this paper is the evaluation overall performance of buyer-supplier relationships.In some situations the cost of inputs in a buyer-supplier chain are available, on the other hand, achieving a low cost position is necessary for most businesses. And, in a buyer-supplier chain wants to know how assign inputs with the least cost. This paper introduces cost efficiency with same and dierent...

In the current century, agriculture sustainability and the reduction of environmental pressure are two main objectives of the management of agro-ecosystems that is challenged by energy inefficiency. In this respect, the present study assessed one of the most important planting systems in Sistan region by emergy analysis approach. It analyzed all inputs of greenhouse cucumber production system i...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a mathematical technique to evaluate the performance of firms with multiple inputs and outputs. in conventional dea models, the efficiency scores of decision making units (dmus) with non-negative inputs and outputs are evaluated in a special period of time. however, in the real world there are situations wherein performance of firms must be evaluated in multip...

Cropping systems with legumes play key roles in farming sub-Saharan Africa. However, how commonly legume associations perform low input-systems is not well-known. Here, we studied four species used three rotation upland rice, i.e., groundnut monocropping, sorghum–cowpea intercropping, and velvet bean–crotalaria two fertilization managements on the previous manure alone or complemented mineral f...

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