We present simulations of the wave field reproduced by a discrete circular distribution of loudspeakers. The loudspeaker distribution is driven either with signals of infinite spatial bandwidth (as it happens in wave field synthesis), or the loudspeaker distribution is driven with signals of finite spatial bandwidth (as it is the case in near-field compensated higher order Ambisonics). The diff...

Wave Field Synthesis systems are known to suffer from coloration. Depending on the applied number of loudspeakers comb-filter effects are present in the amplitude spectrum. In a listening experiment participants rated the perceived coloration of a synthesized point source compared to the reference case of a single loudspeaker. The point source was presented by two-channel stereophony and Wave F...

This work presents a method to control the perceived distance of an auditory object by changing the directivity pattern of a loudspeaker and consequently the direct-to-reverberant ratio at the listening spot. Control of the directivity pattern is achieved by beamforming using a compact multi-driver loudspeaker unit. A small-sized cubic array consisting of six drivers is assembled, and per drive...

Innate hearing processes define the realism that can be obtained from reproduced sound. An unspecified system with two loudspeakers in a room places considerable limitations upon the degree of auditory realism that can be obtained. It has been observed that loudspeakers and room must be hidden from the auditory scene that is evoked in the listener’s brain. Requirements upon the polar response a...

The low-frequency performance of a vented-box loudspeaker system is directly related ta a small number of easily measured system parameters. This system is a fourtharder (24-dB per octave cutoff) high-pass filter which can be adjusted ta have a wide variety of response characteristics. Enclosure lasses have a significant effect on system performance and should be taken into account when assessi...

Recent technological trends facilitate threedimensional stereophony. To this day, no internationally agreed standard for three-dimensional sound reproduction exists. Fundamental research is needed to define basic system parameters and ensure compatibility between different formats. Background in spatial audio perception, stereophonic audio reproduction, and automatic channel format conversion i...

The advent of digital storage of audio signals and the availability of high-speed digital signal processing devices facilitate the implementation of high-order filter functions for loudspeaker equalization. A method is presented for generating a digital model of a loudspeaker system from which an efficient compensation filter using an IIR structure is derived. Application of this technique allo...

A major part of the signal distortion generated by loudspeaker systems are directly related with the geometry and properties of the material used in loudspeaker design and found in all good units passing the assembling line. Those regular distortions are the result of an optimisation process giving the best compromise between perceived sound quality, maximal output, cost, weight and size. This ...

The limitations of loudspeaker units require the use of cross-over filters to build loudspeakers which cover the entire audio band. Such filters do, however, have a number of disadvantages, which have stimulated the search for different topologies, the active cross-over filtering being the most well-known. However, the application of an active topology allows the introduction of loudspeaker uni...