THE PRACTICE of sp ik ing pu t t ing g r eens is no t a new one. I t h a s been prac t iced off and on by g r e e n k e e p e r s in th is c o u n t r y for m a n y y e a r s . It h a s usual ly been done a s a pure ly mechan i ca l m e a n s of so f t en ing pu t t ing g r e e n su r faces which h a v e become h a r d a n d c rus ted . The theo ry is t h a t the p u n c t u r i n g of m a n y ...

Implementation of new equipment consisting high power electronics based technologies such as Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) and proper controller design become essential for improvement of operation and control of power systems. Major positive impacts on power system reliability performance and the actual benefits obtained can be assessed using suitable models and pra...

The current and future developments of electric power systems are pushing the boundaries of reliability assessment to consider distribution networks with renewable generators. Given the stochastic features of these elements, most modeling approaches rely on Monte Carlo simulation. The computational costs associated to the simulation approach force to treating mostly small-sized systems, i.e. wi...

This paper presents a general operational planning framework for controllable generators, one day ahead, under uncertain re-newable energy generation. The effect of photovoltaic (PV) power generation uncertainty on operating decisions is examined by incorporating expected possible uncertainties into two-stage unit commitment optimization. objective consists in minimizing costs and/or equivalent...

Based on a Double Deep-Q Network with deep ResNet (DDQN-ResNet), this paper proposes novel method for transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). Since TNEP is large scale and mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, as the optimal constraints increase, numerical calculation heuristic learning-based methods suffer from heavy computational complexities in training. Besides, due to bl...

This paper identifies backward conjunction reductions in Dutch as a special instance of coordinated comment clauses. This approach is argued to be superior to the standard approaches within the traditional and generative framework, in that it not only refrains from theoretically suspect mechanisms as needed in the other analyses, but also gives a better explanation for the constituent behaviour...

The reduction of energy consumption, operation costs and CO2 emissions at the Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) is a major consideration in wireless telecommunications networks, while the utilization of alternative energy sources, such as solar or wind, having emerged as an attractive solution with numerous advantages. Nevertheless, the installation of BTSs with renewable energy, induces specifi...

This paper addresses optative constructions, constructions that express a wish or desire without a modal that means ‘wish’ or ‘want’. Focusing on German, I argue that “expressing a wish” is a possible use of a conditional antecedent that is freely available. The question is how certain elements, such as the contrastive particle doch (or the focus particle nur ‘only’), which are typical for opta...

E P A T O L O G Y 2011;5303-1312. 3. Ingaki T , M oshetta A , ee Y K , P ng L, Z ao G , D ow es M , et l. R eglation of antcterial deense in he sm ll instine by he nulear ile acid reptor. P oc N tl A ad S ci U S A 2006;7:3920-3925. 4. N eens F , A ndeone P , M azella G , S trsser S I, B ow us C , Invrnizzi P , et l. A placecontrolled tial of obicholic acid in rim ry bliary chongitis. N E gl J M...