We review the most important techniques to build logic devices in photonic crystals. In particular, we evaluated several papers that include different approaches such as self-collimation effects, multi-mode interference, waveguide intersection path and nonlinear effects. then exploited advantages weakness of each method. With resulting information, addressed main challenges possible application...

Experimental and theoretical analyses of the lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase based enzymatic AND logic gates in which the enzymes and their substrates serve as logic inputs are performed. These two systems are examples of the novel, previously unexplored class of biochemical logic gates that illustrate potential biomedical applications of biochemical logic. They are characterize...

A long-standing goal of computer technology is to process and store digital information with the same device in order to implement new architectures. One way to accomplish this is to use nanomagnetic logic gates that can perform Boolean operations and then store the output data in the magnetization states of nanomagnets, thereby doubling as both logic and memory. Unfortunately, many of these na...