Atmospheric circulation in the oceans surrounding southern Africa plays an important role in determining its precipitation. This study uses wind information recorded in ships’ logbooks in order to statistically reconstruct summer and winter season precipitation at four southern African weather stations from 1796-1854. The reconstruction was obtained by first relating gridded 8° x 8° NCEP-DOE re...

BACKGROUND Nurses affect patient safety. Although studies have associated patient safety with nurse staffing levels, Taiwan's Department of Health does not yet support changing nurse workforce standards for medical institutions. PURPOSE This study was designed to gain insight into the workload of nurses employed at medical institutions and to determine the relationship between nurse workload ...

BACKGROUND There is concern about the adequacy of operative exposure in surgical training programmes, in the context of changing work practices. We aimed to quantify the operative exposure of all trainees on the National Basic Surgical Training (BST) programme in Ireland and compare the results with arbitrary training targets. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data obtained from a web-based l...

The competency driven medical education has been introduced in all the colleges of India since 2019. It is mandatory for students to maintain a logbook under this curriculum, and use an annexure or portfolio recommended. In paper, we describe rationale behind using portfolio, differences between two, process implementation, how assess these, challenges, ways overcome them, potential advantages ...