Although the pulsed jet is often considered the foundation of a squid's locomotive system, the lateral fins also probably play an important role in swimming, potentially providing thrust, lift and dynamic stability as needed. Fin morphology and movement vary greatly among squid species, but the locomotive role of the fins is not well understood. To begin to elucidate the locomotive role of the ...

In 2007, people aged 65 years or older accounted for 22% of Japan’s entire population, and the nation is now facing the advent of a “super-aged” society earlier and more rapidly than any other country in the world. As a result, orthopedic surgeons will need to deal with an increasing number of diseases related directly to aging, such as joint disorders, spinal disorders, and fragility fractures...

BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the validity of 3 commercially-available accelerometers to assess metabolic equivalent values (METs) during 12 activities. METHODS Thirty-three men and thirty-two women were enrolled in this study. The subjects performed 5 nonlocomotive activities and 7 locomotive movements. The Douglas bag method was used to gather expired air. The subjects also wore 3 ...

It is widely known that the railroad diesel locomotive engines emit significant amount of air pollutants. However, these engines are not equipped with any air pollutants reducing devices in Korea, resulting in the accumulative air pollution near the railroad. Because the pollutants emission from driving locomotive engines cannot be measured directly, the emission factors based on the amount of ...

The evolution of flight is the most important feature of birds, and this ability has helped them become one of the most successful groups of vertebrates. However, some species have independently lost their ability to fly. The degeneration of flight ability is a long process, and some species remain transitional locomotive models. Most of the energy required for locomotion is supplied by mitocho...

In this paper a new reinforcement learning system for generating marshaling plan of freight cars in a train is designed. In the proposed method, the total transfer distance of a locomotive is minimized to obtain the desired layout of freight cars for an outbound train. The order of movements of freight cars, the position for each removed car, the layout of cars in a train and the number of cars...

OBJECTIVES The pharmacological effects of methylprednisolone (MP) and ganglioside GM-1 on spinal injuries have been thoroughly investigated, but only a few studies have evaluated the interaction between these two drugs. METHODS Twenty-four Wistar rats were subjected to contusive injury of the spinal cord produced by the NYU system. These animals were divided into four groups: group I was inje...

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) for 5 days on depressive-like behavior and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in the amygdale of mice. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were divided into blank control group, control group and REMSD group. REMSD models were established by a modified multiple small platform method. The mice were examined for loc...

The fluid dynamic analysis of animal wakes is becoming increasingly popular in studies of animal swimming and flying, due in part to the development of quantitative flow visualization techniques such as digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV). In most studies, quasi-steady flow is assumed and the flow analysis is based on velocity and/or vorticity fields measured at a single time instant du...