The Problem: The simulated evolution of virtual creatures has produced many intriguing demonstrations, providing simple locomotion abilities and strategies for simple competetive games. However, to achieve a richer set of behaviours, adaptation within the individual’s lifetime is being explored. Can evolution be used to learn domain specific rules for solving the credit assignment problem and s...

snake robots are hyper-redundant robots that are connected with one or two dof joints. they offer a number of potential advantages beyond the capabilities of most wheeled and legged robots. in this paper, kinematics and dynamics of a planar multi-link snake robot in worm-like locomotion on an inclined surface is investigated. in this locomotion, snake robot is able to move in the vertical plane...

A modular robot has a distributed mechanical composition which can make various configurations and also make locomotion in a wide variety of configurations. Modular robots are thought to be useful in extreme or unknown environments by adaptively changing their shape and locomotion patterns. As for locomotion, two types can be used; one is whole-body fixed-configuration locomotion and the other ...

in the present study, the effect of apamin (potassium channel blocker) on tolerance to cocaine-induced locomotor activity in mice has been investigated. locomotor activity was measured by locomotor activity meter, animax, type s (lkb, farrad). intraperitoneal (ip) injection of different doses of cocaine (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent locomotor activity in mice.animals were tr...

In the biped robotics domain, head oscillations may be extremely harmful, especially if robot is teleoperated, since vibrations strongly reduce operator’s spatial awareness. particular, undesired occur in under-actuated robots, where springs and passive mechanisms are used to achieve a human-like motion. This paper proposes an approach of robot’s head; proposed solution does not affect dynamic ...

Locomotion in segmented animals, such as annelids and myriapods (centipedes millipedes), is generated by a coordinated movement known metameric locomotion, which can be also implemented robots designed to perform specific tasks. We introduce theoretical model, based on an active directional motion of the head segment passive trailing rest body segments, order formalize study locomotion. The mod...

The role of microtubules (MTs) in cell locomotion is uncertain: while MTs are not essential for motility of certain cells, MTs are necessary for the directed translocation of large cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells and neuronal growth cones. Based on previous studies, we hypothesize that cell locomotion may involve MTs in two possible ways: (1) the rate of cell locomotion is proporti...