OBJECTIVE To examine acute energy costs of multi-modal activity-based therapy (ABT) in men and women with spinal cord injury (SCI). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive case series. SETTING An outpatient center in California. PARTICIPANTS Seven men and women (age = 28.3 ± 11.6 years; duration of injury = 4.3 ± 2.5 years) with injury levels ranging from C5 to T8. INTERVENTION Activity-based therapy....

Application of the dintroaniline compound, oryzalin, which inhibits microtubule formation, to the unicellular green alga Penium margaritaceum caused major perturbations to its cell morphology, such as swelling at the wall expansion zone in the central isthmus region. Cell wall structure was also notably altered, including a thinning of the inner cellulosic wall layer and a major disruption of t...

Plant petioles and stems are hierarchical cellular structures, displaying structural features defined at multiple length scales. The current work focuses on the multi-scale modelling of plant tissue, considering two orders of structural hierarchy, cell wall and tissue. The stiffness of plant tissue is largely governed by the geometry of the tissue cells, the composition of the cell wall and the...

It is of great importance to determine the in-situ wall strength and dynamic characteristics historic structures by experimental methods before structural analysis. The most effective are flat-jack, shear vibration tests. After methods, behaviour should be checked finite element Dynamic three churches constructed in 19th century Balıkesir Bursa provinces, now reduced load-bearing walls (outer w...

BACKGROUND The total contact cast (TCC) is an effective intervention to reduce plantar pressure in patients with diabetes and a plantar forefoot ulcer. The walls of the TCC have been indirectly shown to bear approximately 30 % of the plantar load. A new direct method to measure inside the TCC walls with capacitance sensors has shown that the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the...

Understanding collagen fiber remodelling is desired to optimize the mechanical conditioning protocols in tissue-engineering of load-bearing cardiovascular structures. Mathematical models offer strong possibilities to gain insight into the mechanisms and mechanical stimuli involved in these remodelling processes. In this study, a framework is proposed to investigate remodelling of angular collag...

Plant cell walls are complex structures composed of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides, proteins, and lignins. Among the wall polysaccharides, cellulose, a hydrogen-bonded β-1,4-linked glucan microfibril, is the main load-bearing wall component and a key precursor for industrial applications. Cellulose is synthesized by large multi-meric cellulose synthase (CesA) complexes, tracking along co...

Abstract This study investigates the seismic performance of a composite structure comprising cold-formed steel and high-strength concrete. Four short shear walls composed concrete, namely, one specimen without diagonal bracing, with angle-steel two lattice were designed for testing their low cyclic loading. The cracking load, ultimate displacement, maximum horizontal bearing capacity, failure p...