The Supreme Court decision O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975) has been widely interpreted to assert that dangerousness is a constitutional requirement for civil commitment. This interpretation is a misreading of the decision, which actually addressed the conditions disallowing indefinite, involuntary custodial confinement and not the requirements for an initial commitment. An excessive reliance on da...

The recent High Court ruling upholding a prior decision to allow a mother to sue for the cost of rearing a child after having had a failed sterilisation has understandably attracted great controversy (Cattanach v Melchior [2003]). The implications of this decision on what can now be claimed for through medical litigation are significant, and lawyers and doctors will extract from it lessons for ...

Livestock contribute directly (i.e. as methane and nitrous oxide (N2O)) to about 9% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and around 3% of UK emissions. If all parts of the livestock production lifecycle are included (fossil fuels used to produce mineral fertilizers used in feed production and N2O emissions from fertilizer use; methane release from the breakdown of fertilizers ...

The farm level is the most appropriate scale for evaluating options for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, because the farm represents the unit at which management decisions in livestock production are made. To date, a number of whole farm modelling approaches have been developed to quantify GHG emissions and explore climate change mitigation strategies for livestock systems. This paper...

Inventory management has frequently been targeted by researchers as one of the most pivotal problems in supply chain management. With the expansion of research studies on inventory management in supply chains, perishable inventory has been introduced and its fundamental differences from non-perishable inventory have been emphasized. This article presents livestock as a type of inventory that ha...

Bundling is a very popular sales-promotion tool, in which a critical issue is to decide what products should be sold together in order to improve sales. Traditionally, this decision is based on the order data collected from the points of sale. However, Internet marketing now allows marketers to efficiently collect not only order data but also browsing and shopping-cart data, which provide marke...

The use of a simple 50%-50% box score of decisions for parents and districts, respectively, is a false measure of the impartiality of hearing officers under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This analysis canvasses relevant structural factors that the stakeholders, the mass media, and the professional literature have failed to recognize both generally and systematically. T...

This paper aims to propose a comprehensive inventory model including pricing, pre-sale incentives, advance sales, trade credit, and carbon tax policies. The novelty of this study lies in its holistic approach addressing these relevant practical issues. major purpose is determine the optimal pre-order discount, replenishment decisions maximize total profit under policy. Through theoretical analy...

Using unique data on condominium transactions that allow for accurately-measured capital gains and losses, we examine the impact of these gains and losses on homeowner decisions. Consistent with the disposition effect, owners with a gain have higher sell propensities than those with a loss. Since real estate prices result from owner negotiations with buyers and tenants, we also examine whether ...

Human behavior in supply chains is insufficiently explored. Wrong decisions by decision makers leads to insufficient behavior and lower performance not only for the decision maker, but also for other stakeholders along the supply chain. In order to study the complex decision situation, we developed a supply chain game in which we studied experimentally the decisions of different stakeholder wit...