BACKGROUND The high lipid solubility that permits rapid transfer across the blood-brain barrier makes propofol attractive for intracarotid injection. The authors hypothesized that intracarotid injection produces electrocerebral silence at a fraction of the intravenous dose and with less adverse systemic and cerebrovascular side effects. METHODS The authors compared the systemic and cerebrovas...

Atorvastatin is a BCS class II lipid lowering agent. It is insoluble in aqueous solution of pH 4 and below; it is very slightly soluble in water and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to enhance solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drug by formulating self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). The solubility of atorvastatin in indivi...

      Several plant extracts and phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro, demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size or destruction in gut. Drug delivery system for polyphenolic phytoconstituents (phytosomes) was prepared by complexing polyphenolic phytoconstituents with phospholipid mainly phosphatidylcholine wh...

Atorvastatin calcium, the lipid lowering agent, is taken as a model drug characterized by poor water solubility and bioavailability. In this study an attempt was made for preparation of nanocrystals using high pressure homogenization. A number of stabilizers were included as well as polymers at different concentrations, and the formulations were homogenized for ten cycles at a pressure of 1000 ...

Low-oral bioavailability as a consequence of low-water solubility drugs is challenging for formulation scientists in the development new pharmaceutical products. This review aims to highlight relevant considerations when implementing rational strategy lipid-based oral drug delivery systems and discuss shortcomings challenges current classification these such nanoemulsion, Solid lipid nanopartic...

BACKGROUND The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of lipid emulsion (LE) on local anesthetic levobupivacaine-induced responses in isolated rat aorta and to determine whether the effect of LE is related to the lipid solubility of local anesthetics. METHODS Isolated rat aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The effects of LE were determined during ...

Through temporal integration, sensory systems accumulate stimulus energy, e.g., photons, acoustic energy, or molecules, over time to detect weaker signals than they otherwise could. Past studies found imperfect temporal integration in detection of nasal irritation: To maintain a fixed level of detection, one must increase stimulus duration by more than twofold to compensate for cutting concentr...