The folding process of a 16-residue alpha-helical peptide with an azobenzene cross-linker (covalently bound to residues Cys3 and Cys14) is investigated by 50 molecular dynamics simulations of 4 micros each. The folding kinetics at 281 K show a stretched exponential behavior but become simpler and much faster when a distance restraint is used to emulate a nonbulky cross-linker. The free-energy b...

FGF and other Ras/MAPK pathway activators counterbalance BMP action during neurogenesis, bone formation, and other aspects of vertebrate development and homeostasis. BMP receptors signal through C-terminal phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Smad1, whereas MAPKs catalyze inhibitory phosphorylation in the Smad1 linker region. Here we show that linker phosphoryla...

Single-chain Fv antibody fragments (scFvs) incorporate a polypeptide linker to tether the VH and VL domains together. An scFv molecule with a linker 5-12 residues long cannot fold into a functional Fv domain and instead associates with a second scFv molecule to form a bivalent dimer (diabody). Direct ligation of VH and VL domains further restricts association and forces three scFv molecules to ...

ions for Component-Based Programming with Dynamic Linking

New donor–π–acceptor pyrimidine-based dyes comprising an amide moiety as anchoring group have been designed. The were synthesized by sequential procedures based on the microwave-assisted Suzuki cross-coupling and bromination reactions. influence of dye structure length π-linker photophysical electrochemical properties photovoltaic effectiveness dye-sensitized solar cells was investigated. An in...

DNA barcoding is based on the use of short DNA sequences to provide taxonomic tags for rapid, efficient identification of biological specimens. Currently, reference databases are being compiled. In the future, it will be important to facilitate access to these databases, especially for nonspecialist users. The method described here provides a rapid, web-based, user-friendly link between the DNA...

There are currently a number of commercially available hypertext and hypermedia systems, of varying levels of sophistication and usability, but there are still many problems to be resolved in the design of such systems. In this paper, we itemise some of the major problems that we have identi®ed as possibly causing a barrier to the growth and development of hypermedia applications outside the re...

Simulation techniques, tools and environments, agent cooperation 1. ABSTRACT In this paper we present a lightweight teamwork implementation through use of abstraction hierarchies. The basis of this implementation is ADAPT, which supports Autonomous Dynamic Agent Planning for Teamwork. ADAPT’s novelty stems from how it succinctly decomposes teamwork problems into two separate planners: a task ne...

s not provided. [14.30–14.50] Natural human IgG antibodies as tools for cancer therapy Stephanie Brandlein University of Wurzburg, Germany Abstracts not provided.s not provided. [14.50–15.10] Antibody-maytansinoid conjugates: A new generation of linkers to provide enhanced potency against target cancers Rajeeva Singh ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA