We model Cz cells, fabricated in a pilot line, with a combination of process, device and circuit simulations. This allows us to separate the various resistive losses and to determine the recombination losses contributed from various device components. Such data are vital for identifying performance improvement strategies. As the model is based on currently fabricated cells, it gives precise pre...

The effects of payoff-matrix multiplication, payoff-matrix addition, the presence of long-run gains versus long-run losses, category discriminability, and base rate on decision criterion learning were examined in 2 perceptual categorization experiments. Observers were found to be sensitive to the effects of payoff-matrix multiplication (and category discriminability) on the steepness of the obj...

This contribution presents a time-domain model of the skin depth effect in a lossy transmission line. The model was developed and implemented in VHDL-AMS for a twowire edge coupled line but it is general and can be used for other types of lossy transmission line and high-frequency applications with skin depth effect. The salient feature of the model is the use of signal variation rate instead o...

The axial injection system of the U400 cyclotron has been constructed and put into operation since the second half of 1996. With the aim of increasing the transportation and the acceleration coefficients of the injected beams the modernization of this system is done. The double buncher system (Sine and Line types) was put into operation in 1997-1998. The expected acceleration efficiency with th...

The use of exergy to correlate energy-utilization efficiencies and energy research investments is described. Specifically, energy and exergy losses are compared with energy research and development expenditures, demonstrating that the latter correlates with energy losses, even though it would be more sensible to allocate energy research and development funding in line with exergy losses, as the...

This paper presents a method for determining the network lines and buses where the occurrence of faults will lead to voltage sags causing severe financial losses in the power system. The proposed method is based on a typical stochastic assessment of voltage sags. The network regions where fault occurrences will simultaneously lead to voltage sags at different sensitive load points can be determ...

Across the Northern hemisphere, managed honey bee colonies, Apis mellifera, are currently affected by abrupt depopulation during winter and many factors are suspected to be involved, either alone or in combination. Parasites and pathogens are considered as principal actors, in particular the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, associated viruses and the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. Here we ...

A photoelectron emitted from a conducting solid may suffer a substantial energy change through ohmic losses that can drastically alter the line shape on the millielectron volt scale that is now observable through improved resolution. Almost all of this energy loss occurs after the electron leaves the solid. These losses are expected to be important in isotropic materials with relatively low con...

A theory of photonic crystal (PhC) slabs is described, which relies on an expansion in the basis of guided modes of an effective homogeneous waveguide and on treating the coupling to radiative modes and the resulting losses by perturbation theory. The following applications are discussed for the case of a high-index membrane: gap maps for photonic lattices in a waveguide; exciton–polariton stat...

Speech coding techniques capable of generating encoded representations which are robust against channel losses play an important role in enabling reliable voice communication over packet networks and mobile wireless systems. In this paper, we investigate the use of multiple description index assignments (MDIAs) for loss-tolerant transmission of line spectral frequency (LSF) coefficients, typica...