This article provides a comprehensive picture of economic inequality in northwestern Italy (Piedmont), focusing on the long-term developments occurred during 1300-1800 ca. Regional studies of this kind are rare, and none of them has as long a timescale. The new data proposed illuminate many little-known aspects of wealth distribution and general economic inequality in preindustrial times, and s...

Top income inequality has risen sharply in the United States over the last 30 years but remained low and stable in economies like France and Japan. Why? This paper explores three theoretical mechanisms that endogenize the amount of top income inequality. The first model suggests that the rate of growth of top incomes is a key determinant. A rise in the returns to experience or an increase in ef...

Using representative survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) for 2006, we show that the magnitude of such health inequality measures as the concentration index (CI) depends crucially on the underlying health measure. The highest degree of inequality is found when dichotomized subjective health measures like health satisfaction or self-assessed health (SAH) are employed. Me...

In this paper, first a short history of the notion of equilibrium problem in Economics and Nash$acute{'}$ game theory is stated. Also the relationship between equilibrium problem among important mathematical problems like optimization problem, nonlinear programming, variational inequality problem, fixed point problem and complementarity problem is given. The concept of generalized pseudomonoton...

“Remember your humanity. Forget the rest”. (Bertrand Russell in Russell-Einstein Manifesto) In a nutshell, this review is not trying to propagate rocket science or eureka moment that scientifically finds the cure for all the ills of economic inequality like penicillin does for infections. This review is a basic but effective exploration into the true nature of social realities. This review holi...

Interrogates poverty debate (growth versus redistribution) reignited by underperforming poverty reductions during 1980s' social spending austerity compared to 1960s' "War on Poverty." Growth and inequality explain 75% 1959-1999 poverty variation; census measurement changes 17%. Significantly, census measurement changes plus overestimated inflation biased-up 1980s measured poverty (deflated 1960...

As we know, this inequality is very important in Hp-theory, it is also a main difficulty in generalizing Hp-theory of one parameter to Hp -theory of several parameters, see [2, 6, 7, 8]. The first proof of (1) is probabilistic which was given by Burkholder, Gundy and Silverstein, see [1]; Fefferman and Stein first got an analytic proof of (1) by dealing with a kind of Green’s formula on R = ∪x∈...

we derive whole series of new integral inequalities of the hardy-type, with non-conjugate exponents. first, we prove and discuss two equivalent general inequa-li-ties of such type, as well as their corresponding reverse inequalities. general results are then applied to special hardy-type kernel and power weights. also, some estimates of weight functions and constant factors are obtained. ...