Catechyl monomers 1-electron-oxidize and undergo radical coupling to produce benzodioxane units in lignin. Derived o -quinones Diels–Alder reactions giving oxatricyclo new products, but does this occur lignification?.

Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in regulation of many aspects during plant development. To investigate the impact of altered GA levels on plant growth and metabolism, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants have been engineered to express either a GA20-oxidase (AtGA20-ox) or a GA2-oxidase (AtGA2-ox) gene from Arabidopsis under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Resultin...

Abstract Scots pine exhibits variations in ray anatomy, which are poorly understood. Some parenchyma cells develop thick and lignified cell walls before heartwood formation. We hypothesized that some stands trees show high numbers of thick-walled early the sapwood. Therefore, a microscopic analysis sapwood from four different Northern Europe was performed on Safranin — Astra blue-stained tangen...

Four-roll bending process is usually used for manufacturing of seamed thick-walled and thin-walled cylinders. Due to complexity of this process, the analytical solution of plate bending in this process has not been developed completely. The existence of friction and multi-step processing makes it more difficult. Investigation of four-roll bending process using analytical and numerical methods i...

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of lignin monomers. Tissue prints were used to localize CAD activity in tomato and poplar tissues. In parallel, lignin deposition was estimated by classical histochemical tests. Image analysis was also used to quantify the amount of CAD activity and the extent of lignification throughout the development of stems. Tomato...

Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying lignin metabolism have been widely studied in model plants and woody trees, but seldom in fruits such as loquat, which undergo lignification. Here, twelve EjMYB genes, designed as EjMYB3-14, were isolated based on RNA-seq. Gene expression indicated that EjMYB8 and EjMYB9 were significantly induced in fruit with higher lignin content resulting fro...

Plants precisely control lignin deposition in spiral or annular secondary cell wall domains during protoxylem tracheary element (TE) development. Because protoxylem TEs function to transport water within rapidly elongating tissues, it is important that lignin deposition is restricted to the secondary cell walls in order to preserve the plasticity of adjacent primary wall domains. The Arabidopsi...

Race-specific resistance of wheat to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is primarily posthaustorial and often involves the induction of a hypersensitive response (HR). The aim of this study was to investigate host defense responses induced in interactions between P. graminis f. sp. tritici races and wheat lines carrying different race-specific stem rust resistance (Sr) genes. In incompatible inte...