Readers The challenge of understanding reading comprehension derives, in part, from the difficulty of defining its borders. Comprehension was defined by the Research and Development (RAND) Reading Study Group (RRSG, 2002) as ‘‘the process of simultaneously constructing and extracting meaning through interaction and engagement with print.’’ This definition was intended to signal the importance o...

Publishing graded readers is big business, but there is evidence that the texts themselves are not being read in sufficient quantity to improve language proficiency. This article reports on a study of graded readers, focusing on interviews with some major publishers of graded readers, to investigate their production rationales. The findings suggest that the opinions of the ultimate consumers, t...

In recent years, the Education for All movement has focused more intensely on the quality of education, rather than simply provision. Many recent and current education quality interventions focus on literacy, which is the core skill required for further academic success. Despite this focus on the quality of literacy instruction in developing countries, little rigorous research has been conducte...

Reading is an important skill for gaining knowledge and discovering new information in a global society. Reading competence also strongly influences a person’s learning ability. However, in building better reading skills, one of the major difficulties is an absence of background knowledge to help learners read and understand material. Background knowledge helps learners make connections to cons...

Found in the collected works of Eisenstein are twenty continued fraction expansions. The expansions have since emerged in the literature in various forms, although a complete historical account and self-contained treatment has not been given. We provide one here, motivated by the fact that these expansions give continued fraction expansions for modular forms. Eisenstein himself did not record p...

Background A significant body of research supports the notion that best practice in the teaching and learning of language incorporates complementary use of technology with the development of foundational knowledge and use of language (Hoopingarner 2009; Goh et al. 2004). Sometimes referred to as e-language learning, myriad opportunities exist for the exploration of the innovative ways technolog...

Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading m68000 microprocessor family fundamentals of assembly language programming and interface design is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it ...

Academic self-efficacy has been positively related to academic achievement in previous studies with middle school, high school, and undergraduate students. This small-scale study investigated the relationship between student reading self-efficacy and student reading achievement with second grade students in central Montana. Participating students completed a Reading Self-Efficacy Questionnaire ...

Short answer questions for reading comprehension are a common task in foreign language learning. Automatic short answer scoring is the task of automatically assessing the semantic content of a student’s answer, marking it e.g. as correct or incorrect. While previous approaches mainly focused on comparing a learner answer to some reference answer provided by the teacher, we explore the use of th...

Uses of symbolic resources can be seen as dialogical processes: they take place in a cultural world constituted by semiotic exchanges; they can lead people to interact; and as artefacts, they contain echoes of many other voices. The article proposes to consider traditional Talmudic study as a paradigmatic dialogical situation, in which scholars learn to use traditional texts as resources to add...