Background: ACL disruption is the commonest ligamentous knee injury among active adults, invariably leading to changes in kinematics which are most likely result secondary degenerative and long-term functional impairment. Thus, due ACL's crucial role as primary restraint against anterior tibial translation, its reconstruction using varying graft options being extensively studied for better outc...

Medial canthal tendon (MCT) laxity is a common condition, usually age related and often causing symptoms of epiphora, discharge, irritation, and redness. MCT repair is more complicated than that of its lateral counterpart because of the intimate relation with the canaliculus (Fig 1). The position and patency of the canaliculus can be affected by any surgery to the canaliculus. Because of the pr...

Background. PCL reconstruction is a successful method for enhancing the patientchr('39')s quality of life but posterior knee laxity and knee stiffness have still occurred surgery. There is no study to evaluate knee laxity or loss of knee range of motion after surgery. Objectives. To assess the outcomes after PCL reconstruction, we: 1) evaluated the range of motion of the knee, 2) evaluated pos...

Background: The epidemiology of traumatic dislocations and ligamentous/tendinous injuries is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of various dislocations and ligamentous/tendinous injuries in a tertiary orthopedic hospital in Iran. Methods: Musculoskeletal injuries in an academic tertiary health care center in Tehran February 2005 to October 201...

BACKGROUND Many factors effect on management (surgical and nonsurgical) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was evaluation of the effects of generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL) on surgical treatment of AIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS 72 patients with AIS were studied between 2002 and 2009. 24 cases (33.4%) were placed in group A (normal) while 48 patie...

Hypotonia, ligament laxity and motor alterations are characteristic for patients with Down syndrome (DS). The purpose of this study was the evaluation of typical gait pattern of subjects with Down syndrome and the quantification of their joint stiffness, connected with ligament laxity and hypotonia, as a possible compensation. 98 children with DS (mean age: 11.7 years; range: 6-15 years) and 30...

BACKGROUND Functional adaptations of patients with posterior cruciate ligament deficiency (grade II) are largely unknown despite increased recognition of this injury. HYPOTHESIS Posterior cruciate ligament-deficient subjects (grade II, 6- to 10-mm bilateral difference in posterior translation) will present with neuromuscular and biomechanical adaptations to overcome significant mechanical ins...

An inversion trauma with damage to the anterolateral ankle ligaments is one of the most common injuries in athletes, especially in high risk sports like volleyball, basketball and soccer. Treatment is functional, leading to full recovery in the majority of athletes. Approximately 20% suffer from recurrent instability and require further treatment. Chronic anterolateral ankle instability is ofte...