Abstract We investigate the impact of five types subsidies granted under European Union Common Agricultural Policy on persistent and transient inefficiency Polish dairy farms. Our research shows that coupled environmental reduce technical inefficiency, while opposite is true for Less Favoured Areas (LFA) other rural subsidies. Simultaneously, environmental, LFA, increase inefficiency. These res...

The leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) molecule is well established as a surface protein involved in cellular adhesion and interaction, but there has been little information about whether engagement of this molecule can also directly modify cellular activation. These studies demonstrate that crosslinking the LFA-1 molecule on human T cell clones transmits a unique signal to the cel...

Many surface receptors and signaling molecules are thought to associate with unique membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. We examined the involvement of lipid rafts in the activation of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Depletion or sequestration of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) or filipin, respectively, strongly inhibited LFA-1-mediated adhesion of T-cell l...

Lymphocytes activate adhesion to intracellular adhesion mlecule 1 (ICAM-1) via leukocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), their major beta 2 integrin, in response to PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) without an increase in the number of receptors expressed. The molecular details of the mechanism are unknown. To determine the effect of PMA activation on LFA-1 movement within the plasma...

Synthetic peptides have been developed for therapeutic applications for decades. The therapeutic efficacy often depends not only on the stabilization of the peptides but also on their binding specificity and affinity to the target molecules to interfere with designated molecular interaction. In this study, the binding affinity of human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) chimera and leuk...

After injury or infection, neutrophils rapidly migrate from the circulation into tissues by means of an orderly progression of adhesion receptor engagements. Neutrophils have been previously considered to use selectins exclusively to roll on vessels before an adhesion step mediated by the beta2 integrins, lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1, and Mac-1. Here we use LFA-1(-/-) mice, fu...

Cellular adhesion through the beta2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated Ag (LFA)-1 is a complex event involving activation, ligand binding, and cell shape changes that ultimately result in enhanced adhesion. In this report we define requirements for ligand binding and post receptor signaling by comparing two mechanisms of activation of LFA-1: 1) inside-out signaling and 2) direct activation...

The cellular adhesion molecule LFA-1 and its ICAM-1 ligand play an important role in promoting HIV-1 infectivity and transmission. These molecules are present on the envelope of HIV-1 virions and are integral components of the HIV virological synapse. However, cellular activation is required to convert LFA-1 to the active conformation that has high affinity binding for ICAM-1. This study evalua...

Although adaptor ADAP (FYB) and its binding to SLP-76 has been implicated in TcR-induced "inside-out" signaling for LFA-1 activation in T cells, little is known regarding its role in LFA-1-mediated "outside-in" signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that ADAP and SLP-76-ADAP binding are coupled to LFA-1 costimulation of IL-2 production, F-actin clustering, cell polarization, and T cell motili...