Today, innovation systems are being elaborated in ever-wider areas of national space-economies. Of particular interest is the growth of academic study and practical policy towards assisting formation of regional innovation systems. Over 100 of these empirical studies have been documented worldwide and in the EU over 100 regional innovation strategies were implemented in the past decade. But new...

Lexical Simplification is the task of replacing individual words of a text with words that are easier to understand, so that the text as a whole becomes easier to comprehend, e.g. by people with learning disabilities or by children who learn to read. Although this seems like a straightforward task, evaluating algorithms for this task is not so. The problem is how to build a dataset that provide...

as a member of larger familyof formulaic sequences , lexical bundles play different discourse functions in written research articles. this study investigated the use of four-word lexical bundles in published research articles in medicine via natural language processing by computational linguistics. a corpus of 2,420,914 words was extracted from 790 research articles in 33 medical disciplines. f...

This study investigated whether Lexical Inferencing (L1) and Morphological Instruction (MI) can significantly affect EFL learners’ reading comprehension, furthermore, it also examined their effects on the learners’ vocabulary retention over time. 60 homogeneous EFLlearnerswere randomly assigned to two experimental and a control groups. After the pre-test, participants of the first experimental ...

Lewis (1993) recognized significance of word combinations including collocations by presenting lexical approach. Because of the crucial role of collocation in vocabulary acquisition, this research set out to evaluate the rate of collocations in Iranian EFL learners' writing production across L1 and L2. In addition, L1 interference with L2 collocational use in the learner' writing samples was st...

This  qualitative  study  investigates  the  uses  of  be  in  Contemporary  English.  Based  on  this  study, one  easy  claim  and  one  more  difficult  claim  are  proposed.  The  easy  claim  is  that  the  traditional distinction between be as a lexical verb and be as an auxiliary is faulty. In particular, 'copular-be', traditionally considered to be a lexical verb, is in fact a prototypi...