Radiation protection in the use of ionizing radiation in medicine is becoming more and more important because of its increasing use for imaging and therapy and because of complex procedures and technology. The US study showed that the population dose due to medical uses of ionizing radiation increased to about 49% of the total population radiation dose in year 2006 [1]. The increase is due to t...

PURPOSE The radiation dose to the lens of the eye, skin, thyroid and brain of patients who underwent diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures of the lacrimal drainage system have been measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100 and TLD-700) by using an adult male and female Rando phantom. All dose values for one second of fluoroscopic exposure and one frame of digital subtr...

PURPOSE In addition to the inhibition of xanthine oxidase, allopurinol is known to act, dependent on the dose, as a free radical scavenger, an antioxidant, and a "scavenger" of hypochlorous acid. This activity was investigated using a model of lens-induced uveitis. METHODS Lipid peroxides (LPO) were determined in aqueous humor and in retinal tissue. Reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and G...

Aldose reductase (AR) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway. AR-dependent synthesis of excess polyols leads to lens opacification in diabetic cataract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Litsea japonica extract (LJE) on diabetes-induced lens opacification and its protective mechanism in db/db mice. Seven-week-old male db/db mice were treat...

PURPOSE A new method for the measurement of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the surface of the eye is described. METHODS The technique uses contact lenses produced from the ultraviolet-sensitive plastic polysulfone. Two types of polysulfone contact lenses (9 mm and 12 mm in diameter) were manufactured from a polysulfone rod. The 9-mm polysulfone contact lens could be calibrated and used to...

The mitogenicity of insulin, insulin growth factor (IGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was evaluated on rabbit lenses cultured in medium KEI-4. IGF, the most highly purified of the insulin-like growth factors was a potent mitogen for mammalian lens epithelia cells. IGF and EGF triggered cell proliferation throughout the normally amitotic central and pre-equatorial region of the epithelium....

BACKGROUND For treatment of the entire cranium using passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) compensators are often employed in order to reduce lens and cochlear exposure. We sought to assess the advantages and consequences of utilizing compensators for the treatment of the whole brain as a component of craniospinal radiation (CSI) with PSPT. Moreover, we evaluated the potential benefits of sp...

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare organ doses delivered to patients in wrist and petrous bone examinations using a multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) and a C-arm cone-beam CT equipped with a flat-panel detector (XperCT). For this purpose, doses to the target organ, i.e. wrist or petrous bone, together with those to the most radiosensitive nearby organs, i.e. thyroid and ...

Introduction Proton therapy is used to treat malignant tumors such as melanoma inside the eye. Proton particles are adjusted according to various parameters such as tumor size and position and patient’s distance from the proton source. The purpose of this study was to assess absorbed doses in eyes and various tumors found in the area of sclera and choroid and the adjacent tissues in radiotherap...