Neural control of muscle contraction seems to be unique during muscle lengthening. The present study aimed to determine the specific sites of modulatory control for lengthening compared with isometric contractions. We used stimulation of the motor cortex and corticospinal tract to observe changes at the spinal and cortical levels. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cervicomedullary MEPs (CMEPs)...

When we lengthen a bone in a child, the parents and the family circle are often obsessed by the amount a lengthening obtained. However, for the surgeon, lengthen a bone is quite pretty easy, but dealing with the joints above and below the lengthening area can be very challenging. Indeed, during the lengthening process, muscles and tendons will be progressively stretched, leading to potential jo...

In the maxillary anterior region, the gingival labial margin position is an important parameter in the achievement of an ideal smile. The relationship between the periodontium and the restoration is critical if gingival health and esthetics are to be achieved. Periodontal therapy is a necessary and useful adjunct when any anterior restoration is undertaken. Anterior surgical crown lengthening m...

This paper presents the results of a study of the expression of word-level prosody in Jordanian Arabic. The study focuses on the durational, spectral, and fundamental frequency correlates of stress and word-"nal juncture in the speech of four speakers. Speakers exhibit extensive "nal lengthening e!ects and a smaller e!ect of stress and penultimate lengthening. Stress lengthening correlates with...

Adaptations to repeated bouts of injury-inducing lengthening contractions were studied in mouse anterior crural muscles. Five bouts of 150 lengthening contractions were performed in vivo, with each bout separated by 2 wk of rest. Three primary observations were made. First, there was little, if any, attenuation in the immediate isometric torque losses after lengthening contractions at "physiolo...

Children's early word productions often differ from the target form, sometimes exhibiting vowel lengthening when word-final coda consonants are omitted (e.g., dog /dog/ --> [d(c):]). It has typically been assumed that such minimal words lengthening compensates for a missing prosodic unit (a mora). However, this study raises the alternative hypothesis that vowel lengthening in early productions ...

We tested the hypotheses that lengthening contractions, isometric contractions, and passive stretches increase muscle inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and that prior conditioning with lengthening contractions, isometric contractions, or passive stretches reduces neutrophils and macrophages after subsequent lengthening contractions. Extensor digitorum longus muscles in anesthetiz...