Field experiments indicate that the use of off-road vehicles on arid land increases the amount and frequency of water runoff and erosion by decreasing soil porosity, infiltration capacity, effectiveness of surface stabilizers, and hydraulic resistance to overland flow. These effects are long-lived and may result even when the use of these vehicles is slight.

This paper reviews the use of an input-dependent kernel in a linear convolution integral as a quasi-nonlinear approach to unify nonlinear overland flow, channel routing and catchment runoff processes. The conceptual model of a variable kernel or instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) is characterized by a nonlinear storage-discharge 5 relation, q=cs , where the storage exponent N is an index or de...

The surface runoff process in fluvial/pluvial flood modelling is often simulated employing a two-dimensional (2-D) diffusive wave approximation described by grid based digital elevation models (DEMs). However, this approach may cause potential problems when using the 2-D surface flow model which exchanges flows through adjacent cells, with conventional sink removal algorithms which also allow f...

Streamwater transit time distributions display a variable proportion of old waters ( ≥1 yr). We hypothesize that the corresponding long times result from groundwater contributions to stream and seasonal streamwater variations 1) different flowpaths (overland flow, seepage flow baseflow) 2) stratification residence times. develop parsimonious model capture contribution discharge its effect on tr...

On 60 m2 hillslope plots, at 18 mainly grassland locations in Switzerland rain was applied at rates of 50– 100 mm/h for between 3 and 6 h. The generated flows were measured, including overland flow, near surface and subsurface flow 0.5–1.3 m below the surface. At some locations less than 2% of the rain flowed down the slope either on or below the surface, whereas at some others more than 90% of...