conclusions to avoid unfair competition and to assure consumers of accurate labeling, using this method is recommended for regulatory agencies. results the limit of detection of cow’s milk in buffalo’s milk, yogurt and cheese is 1, 2 and 4%, respectively. undeclared presence of cow’s milk was detected in 70% of the milk samples, 64% of the yogurt and 52% of the cheese samples. in 10% of the yog...

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted through a bite of some species of sandflies. It is caused by obliged intra-cellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is responsible for a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML). The visceral disease (classically known as "kala azar") is the m...

The term leishmaniasis comprises of a group of diseases caused by different species of a protozoan called Leishmania. There are three main clinical forms of leishmaniasis: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Exclusive involvement of the mucosa is very rare. We present a case of mucosal leishmaniasis located in the oral cavity. The only manifestation...

Background Leishmaniasis as an emerging and reemerging disease is increasing worldwide with high prevalence and new incidence in recent years. For epidemiological investigation and accurate identification of Leishmania species, three nuclear and mitochondrial genes (ITS-rDNA, Hsp70, and Cyt b) were employed and analyzed from clinical samples in three important Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (...

leishmania infantum is the most frequent cause of visceral leishmaniasis and l. tropica has been rarely linked to the disease in iran. in this study, bone marrow aspirates were collected from 10 child patients, suspected with visceral leishmaniasis referred to the pediatric wards of kerman medical hospitals, kerman, iran during 2002–2011. leishmania species were identified by using nested pcr i...

BACKGROUND Different epidemiological studies previously indicated that canine leishmaniasis is present in the region of Thiès (Senegal). However, the risks to human health, the transmission cycle and particularly the implicated vectors are unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To improve our knowledge on the population of phlebotomine sand flies and the potential vectors of canine leishmani...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Rodents belonging to Gerbillinae subfamily are the main reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Regarding the important role of these rodents in the maintenance of Leishmania major in the nature, their identification with morphometric, cytogenetic and molecular methods seems to be essential. The karyotype study of these species, captured from a...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a public health problem in Tunisia, is associated to three species: Leishmania (L.) infantum, L. major and L. killicki. Accurate and sensitive procedures for the diagnostic of Leishmania infection and for species identification are required to enable adequate treatment and appropriate control measures. Several PCR-methods are applied for the diagnosis and the ident...

abstract        background and objective: chabahar is in southern iran located near the iran-pakistan border. since leishmaniasis is an emerging disease in this region, this study aimed to diagnose the disease and identify different species of leishmania parasite in the patients referred to the central laboratory.       methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012 ...

A study about the horizontal stratification of the sand fly fauna in two distinct ecosystems, caatinga area, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, and the tropical rain forest area, endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, was performed in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Lutzomyia longipalpis was predominant in the caatinga, and following it came the species L. capixaba and L. oswaldoi. In the tropical r...