Sphere fitting is a common problem in almost all science and engineering disciplines. Most of methods available are iterative in behavior. This involves fitting of the parameters in a least square sense or in a geometric sense. Here we extend the methods of Thomas Chan and Landau who fitted the 2D data using circle. This work closely resemble their work in redefining the error estimate and solv...

one of the most valuable and important application of artificial satellites in geodetic sciences is recovery of the earth's gravity field. orbits of satellites either gravimetric or nongravimetric are analyzed to improve the earth's gravity field. gravimetric satellites are launched at low altitudes to observe gravity field in more detail. grace twin satellites are the second spacecra...

results the results revealed that metal urine concentration in welders was higher than controls but only the difference in chromium concentration was significant (p < 0.002). in the range of metals exposure, induction of oxidative stress for exposed group was observed by increase in urine mda (11.17 ± 4.23 and 4.83 ± 1.82 mm in welders and controls, respectively; p < 0.01). information of the m...

This work deals with the weighted excesses of players in cooperative games which are obtained by summing up all coalitions to they belong. We first show that resulting payoff vector is corresponding least square value lexicographically minimizing individual over preimputation set, and thus give an alternative characterization values. Second, we these results rise lower upper bounds for core vec...