Indwelling bladder catheter-associated leakage, or catheter bypassing, is a frequently experienced problem, necessitating a carefully planned intervention. Once a bladder catheter is in place, urine may flow intermittently between the catheter shaft and the urethra mucosa, or from around the catheter when inserted suprapubically. A review of the literature identified several reasons for this le...

Leakage reactance is one of the most important specifications in transformer that has significant impact on its overall design. Variation in leakage reactance serves as a diagnostic measure to indicate mechanical integrity of power transformers before and after a short circuit test that demonstrates mechanical strength of transformer windings. This paper presents an approach for leakage reactan...

Several analytical methods for estimating the subthreshold and gate oxide leakage currents in CMOS circuits have been presented in the literature. However, such currents are strongly dependent on the fabrication process targeted, and the methods present different prediction data accuracy according to the profile of logic gates, in terms of transistor arrangements, stacked devices, and gate sizi...

Key Generation The challenger computes (pk, sk) ← Gen(1λ) and give pk to A. Test 1: The adversaryA (adaptively) submits decryption queries Ci and getsmi = Dsk(Ci). The adversary also (adaptviely) submits leakage queries fj : {0, 1} ∗ → {0, 1}lj and gets fj(sk). Challenge: The adversary A comes up with two message m0, m1. The challenger chooses a random bit b ← {0, 1} and gives A the value C∗ = ...

PURPOSE To assess implant leakage under static conditions as well as during and after dynamic loading. Materials and methods : Implants (Astra Tech (A), Biomet 3i (B) and Nobel Biocare (C)) were evaluated for leakage (n=8/group). Testing to assess the gas pressure change over time (hPa/min) and infiltrated fluid volume, was performed in a Gas Enhanced Permeation Test (GEPT) to qualify embedding...

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leakage following colorectal surgery still occurs all too frequently, and this complication is difficult to predict. A nonfunctional stoma may reduce the risk of clinically relevant leaks but is overtreatment for most patients. More accurate assessments of the risk of anastomotic leakage would be very helpful in tailoring treatment in colorectal surgery. Therefore, a Colo...

This article presents an advanced calibration method for solving the error terms due to probe-probe leakage in on-wafer test system. A new 12-term model system including vector network analyzer (VNA), frequency extenders, cables/waveguides, probes, probe contact pads and is introduced. two-step process algorithm with four on-chip standards one undefined Thru, two pairs of symmetrical Reflects s...