Inspired by the competition of sport teams in a sport league, the League Championship Algorithm (LCA) has been introduced recently for optimizing nonlinear continuous functions. LCA tries to metaphorically model a league championship environment wherein a number of individuals, as artificial sport teams, play in pairs in an artificial league for several weeks (iterations) based on a league sche...

PURPOSE To examine the upper body strength, speed, power, and strength-endurance of rugby-league players of different ranks. These data could provide information pertinent to the importance of these factors for different grades of rugby league and for positional groups in those different grades. METHODS Sixty rugby-league players, 20 participants each in the elite, national first-division lea...

The purpose of this study was to propose and test a theoretical model that explored the relationship among perceived CSR, team identification, satisfaction, along with behavioral intention in context Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) league. utilized total 523 respondents who attended KBO league’s playoff games. result indicated CSR is positively related consumers’ satisfaction identification w...

We analyze the distribution of broadcasting revenues by sports leagues. In the context of an isolated league, we show that when the teams engage in competitive bidding to attract talent, the league's optimal choice is full revenue sharing (resulting in full competitive balance) even if the revenues are independent of the level of balancedness. This result is overturned when the league has no mo...